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Recent advances in elucidating the biological properties of Withania somnifera and its potential role in health benefits

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Abstract

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), also known as ashwagandha, is an important medicinal plant that is widely used as a home remedy for several diseases in the Indian subcontinent and other parts of the world. W. somnifera is a dietary supplement composed of various nutrients, polyphenols and alkaloids that have free radical scavenging capacity, as well as other chemical constituents that possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-stress, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and rejuvenating properties. The mechanism of action for these properties are not fully understood. W. somnifera also appears to influence the endocrine, cardiopulmonary and central nervous systems. Toxicity studies reveal that W. somnifera can be used without side effects. The findings presented in this review are very encouraging and indicate that this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and to reveal other potential therapeutic effects.

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Abbreviations

ACP:

Phosphatase

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ALT:

Alanine transaminase

AST:

Aspartate transaminase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CAT:

Catalase

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ESR:

Erythrocyte sedimentation

G6P:

Glucose-6-phosphatase

GABA:

Gamma aminobutyric acid

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

GERL:

Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomes

GlcS:

Glucosamine sulphate

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

HP:

Hydroperoxide

HPA:

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal

LD50 :

Lethal dose 50%

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

MDA:

Malondialdihyde

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MIR:

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury

NO:

Nitric oxide

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

STDs:

Sexually transmitted diseases

T3 :

Triiodothyronine

T4 :

Thyroxine

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

WSG:

W. somnifera glycowithanolides

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by a Universiti Sains Malaysia RU grant (grant no. 1001/PPSP/8120201 and 1001/PPSP/815058). The authors would like to acknowledge the Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh and the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia for facilitating for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Nadia Alam & Monzur Hossain

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Md. Ibrahim Khalil, Mohammed Moniruzzaman & Siti Amrah Sulaiman

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Md. Ibrahim Khalil

  4. Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Siew Hua Gan

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  1. Nadia Alam
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Correspondence to Md. Ibrahim Khalil.

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Alam, N., Hossain, M., Khalil, M.I. et al. Recent advances in elucidating the biological properties of Withania somnifera and its potential role in health benefits. Phytochem Rev 11, 97–112 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-011-9221-5

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