Oxidation of Metals

, Volume 73, Issue 5–6, pp 551–563 | Cite as

Grain-Size Effects on the High-Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Chromium Steels

  • Vicente Trindade
  • Hans-Jürgen Christ
  • Ulrich Krupp
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:

Abstract

Oxidation of two low-Cr (Cr content 1.5 wt% and 2.25 wt%) and three high-Cr (Cr content 9 wt%, 12 wt% and 18 wt%) boiler steels was investigated at temperatures between 550 °C and 830 °C in laboratory air. Thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied for evaluation of the oxidation kinetics, oxides phase identification and scale structure analysis. Particular attention was paid to the phenomenon of inward oxidation and its relationship with the Cr content of the steels under investigation. The results showed that the inward oxidation of the Cr steels is governed by grain boundary diffusion. Two different Cr-depending tendencies concerning the effect of alloy grain size on the inward oxidation were observed. For low-Cr steels (less than 2.25 wt% Cr), an increase in the grain size improved the oxidation resistance, while steels with high Cr content (18 wt% Cr) can form a thin and protective chromia scale on the surface more easily at finer grain size. In the latter case an increase in grain size deteriorates the oxidation resistance by the formation of a thicker scale composed of both an outer and an inner Fe-oxide-based layer.

Keywords

Cr steels Boiler steels Oxidation of steels Grain boundary diffusion Internal oxidation Intergranular oxidation 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Vicente Trindade
    • 1
  • Hans-Jürgen Christ
    • 1
  • Ulrich Krupp
    • 2
  1. 1.Institut für WerkstofftechnikUniversität SiegenSiegenGermany
  2. 2.Faculty of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences, OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany

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