Experimental Investigation of Rheological Behavior and Wax Deposition of Waxy Oil–Disulfide Oil Systems
Abstract
In this work, we studied the feasibility of using disulfide oil (DSO) as a solvent for wax prevention in pipelines. Several tests were carried out to determine the effects of DSO, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), acetone, and p-xylene and their mixtures on wax appearance temperature (WAT), deposition mass, and rheological properties of oil samples. The WAT was determined from viscosity in the temperature range of 2–40 °C with 1 °C min−1 cooling rate. Viscoelastic modulus of different samples was measured at temperature intervals of 25–65 °C with 0.5 °C min−1 cooling rate. Results indicated that DSO has a good potential for reducing WAT and wax deposition mass; however, increasing DSO concentration to higher than 800 ppm did not show a significant effect on deposition reduction. It was found that a mixture of inhibitors had higher impact on reducing wax deposition. Using 800 ppm of EVA–DSO–acetone mixture resulted in deposition mass reduction to about 35.74%. It was found that the strong original gel network was considerably weakened by addition of DSO.
Keywords
Waxy oil Disulfide oil Wax deposition Rheological behavior Cold fingerReferences
- ASTM D7042–16e3. (2016). Standard test method for dynamic viscosity and density of liquids by Stabinger viscometer (and the calculation of kinematic viscosity). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.Google Scholar
- Bott, T. R., & Gudmundsson, J. S. (1977). Deposition of paraffin wax from kerosene in cooled heat exchanger tubes. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 55, 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carmen García, M. (2001). Paraffin deposition in oil production. In SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry. Houston, Texas.Google Scholar
- Guo, X., Pethica, B. A., Huang, J. S., Prud’homme, R. K., Adamson, D. H., & Fetters, L. J. (2004). Crystallization of mixed paraffin from model waxy oils and the influence of micro-crystalline poly(ethylene-butene) random copolymers. Energy and Fuels, 18(4), 930–937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hammami, A., & Raines, M. A. (1997). Paraffin deposition from crude oils: Comparison of laboratory results to field data. In SPE 38776 presented at SPE ATCE, San Antonio, TX.Google Scholar
- Ito, T., Miyaji, T., Nakagawa, T., & Tomizuka, N. (2007). Degradation of dimethyl disulfide by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 76. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71(2), 366–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaifeng, F. H., Qiyu, L. S., & Dan, Z. (2015). Wax deposition study in a cold-finger system with model oil. In This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition held in Bali SPE-176447-MS, Indonesia.Google Scholar
- Khorami, A., Jafari, S. A., Mohamadi-Baghmolaei, M., Azin, R., & Osfouri, S. (2017). Density, viscosity, surface tension, and excess properties of DSO and gas condensate mixtures. Applied Petrochemical Research, 7(2–4), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13203-017-0183-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Manka, J. S., & Ziegler, K. L. (2001). Factors affecting the performance of crude oil wax control additives. In SPE production and operations symposium. Oklahoma.Google Scholar
- Mansourpoor, M., Azin, R., Osfouri, S., & Izadpanah, A. A. (2018). Effect of DSO, EVA, and SiO2 and clay nanohybrids on rheological properties of waxy oil mixtures. Materials Research Express, 5, 095027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pedersen, K. S., & Rønningsen, H. P. (2003). Influence of wax inhibitors on wax appearance temperature, pour point, and viscosity of waxy crude oils. Energy and Fuels, 17, 321–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rao, M. A. (1999). Rheology of fluids and semisolid foods: Principles and applications (pp. 1–24). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.Google Scholar
- Sharp, S. P. (1983). Method for removal of asphaltene depositions with amine-activated disulfide oil. In US06256430.Google Scholar
- Singhal, H. K., Sahai, G. C., Pundeer, G. S., & Chandra, K. (1991). Designing and selecting wax crystal modifier for optimum field performance based on crude oil composition. In SPE 22784, paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas.Google Scholar
- Struchkov, I. A., & Rogachev, M. K. (2017). Wax precipitation in multicomponent hydrocarbon system. Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 7, 543–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Struchkov, I. A., Rogachev, M. K., Kalinin, E. S., Pavlov, P. V., & Roschin, P. V. (2018). Laboratory investigation of organic-scale prevention in a Russian oil field. SPE Production and Operations, 33(01), 113–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wang, K. S., Wu, C. H., Creek, J. L., Shuler, P. J., & Tang, Y. (2003). Evaluation of effects of selected wax inhibitors on paraffin deposition. Petroleum Science Technology, 21, 369–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar