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Natural Resources Research

, Volume 19, Issue 3, pp 209–230 | Cite as

Hubbert’s Legacy: A Review of Curve-Fitting Methods to Estimate Ultimately Recoverable Resources

  • Steve Sorrell
  • Jamie Speirs
Article
First Online:
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Accepted:

Abstract

A growing number of commentators are forecasting a near-term peak and subsequent terminal decline in the global production of conventional oil as a result of the physical depletion of the resource. These forecasts frequently rely on the estimates of the ultimately recoverable resources (URR) of different regions, obtained through the use of curve-fitting to historical trends in discovery or production. Curve-fitting was originally pioneered by M. King Hubbert in the context of an earlier debate about the future of the US oil production. However, despite their widespread use, curve-fitting techniques remain the subject of considerable controversy. This article classifies and explains these techniques and identifies both their relative suitability in different circumstances and the level of confidence that may be placed in their results. This article discusses the interpretation and importance of the URR estimates, indicates the relationship between curve fitting and other methods of estimating the URR and classifies the techniques into three groups. It then investigates each group in turn, indicating their historical origins, contemporary application and major strengths and weaknesses. The article then uses illustrative data from a number of oil-producing regions to assess whether these techniques produce consistent results as well as highlight some of the statistical issues raised and suggesting how they may be addressed. The article concludes that the applicability of curve-fitting techniques is more limited than adherents claim and that the confidence bounds on the results are wider than usually assumed.

Keywords

Petroleum resource estimation peak oil 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This article is based on a comprehensive review of the curve-fitting literature by Sorrell and Speirs (2009) which in turn formed part of wide-ranging study of global oil depletion by the UK Energy Research Centre (Sorrell and others, 2009). The authors would like to thank the UK Research Councils for their financial support, IHS Energy for allowing the publication of data from their PEPS database, Fabiana Gordon for her help on statistical issues, and Roger Bentley, Richard Miller, Jean Laherrère and Robert Kaufmann for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. The usual disclaimers apply.

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© International Association for Mathematical Geology 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Sussex Energy Group, SPRU (Science & Technology Policy Research), Freeman CentreUniversity of SussexFalmerUK
  2. 2.Imperial College Centre for Environmental Policy and Technology (ICCEPT), Imperial College LondonLondonUK

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