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Toward responsible development and effective risk management of nano-enabled products in the U.S. construction industry

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Abstract

The global construction sector is experiencing major improvements to building materials used in large quantities through commercial applications of nanotechnology. Nano-enabled construction products hold great promise for energy efficiency and resource conservation, but risk assessments lag as new products emerge. This paper presents results from an inventory, survey, and exposure assessment conducted by the authors and explores these findings in the broader context of evolving research trends and responsible development of nanotechnology. An inventory of 458 reportedly nano-enabled construction products provided insight into product availability, potential exposures, and deficiencies in risk communication that are barriers to adoption of proactive safety measures. Seasoned construction trainers surveyed were largely unaware of the availability of nano-enabled construction products. Exposure assessment demonstrated the effectiveness of ventilation to reduce exposures during mechanical abrasion of photocatalytic tiles containing titanium dioxide (TiO2). Dissociated particles of TiO2 just above the nanoscale (138 nm) were detected in the debris collected during cutting of the tiles, but measurements were below recommended exposure limits for TiO2. Exposure assessments remain scarce, and toxicological understanding primarily pertains to unincorporated nanomaterials; less is known about the occupational risks of nano-enabled construction products across their life cycle. Further research is needed to characterize and quantify exposure to debris released from nanocomposite materials for realistic risk assessment, and to ascertain how nanocomposite matrices, fillers, and degradation forces interact to affect release dynamics. Improving risk communication strategies and implementing safe work practices will cultivate responsible development of nanotechnology in construction, as will multidisciplinary research efforts.

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Acknowledgments

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) supported this study through a cooperative agreement with CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training and NIOSH (Cooperative Agreement Number U60-OH009762). We express our appreciation to TSI Inc. for technical support with real-time instrumentation and to the United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers & Allied Workers for guidance on tool selection and work practices. Any mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by CPWR or NIOSH. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CPWR or NIOSH.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Cooperative Agreement Number U60-OH009762).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, 8484 Georgia Avenue, Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA

    Gavin H. West, Bruce E. Lippy & Michael R. Cooper

  2. Marsick Consulting, LLC, 7617 Gralnick Place, Springfield, VA, 22153, USA

    Daniel Marsick

  3. Environmental Profiles, Inc., 8805 Columbia 100 Parkway, Suite 100, Columbia, MD, 21045, USA

    Leonard G. Burrelli & Kelsey N. Griffin

  4. Bureau Veritas North America, Inc., 3380 Chastain Meadows Parkway, Suite 300, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA

    Alan M. Segrave

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  1. Gavin H. West
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  2. Bruce E. Lippy
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  3. Michael R. Cooper
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  4. Daniel Marsick
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  5. Leonard G. Burrelli
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  7. Alan M. Segrave
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce E. Lippy.

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The Institutional Review Board of CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training approved the survey and exposure assessment activities conducted as part of this research. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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West, G.H., Lippy, B.E., Cooper, M.R. et al. Toward responsible development and effective risk management of nano-enabled products in the U.S. construction industry. J Nanopart Res 18, 49 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3352-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3352-y

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