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Comparisons of the nanoparticle emission characteristics between GDI and PFI vehicles

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Abstract

To compare the particle emissions of gasoline direct injection (GDI) and port fuel injection (PFI) vehicles in this study, the particulate matter of exhaust emissions was sampled from a constant volume sampler tunnel and tailpipe using a chassis dynamometer. Using the gravimetric method and a condensation particle counter, the particulate matter mass (PM) and particle number (PN) of the particle size according to the current regulations were measured. Nanometer-sized particle emissions, which are smaller than regulated particle emissions, were measured by an engine exhaust particle sizer. Four test vehicles, which included two GDI vehicles and two PFI vehicles, were tested in various driving modes. The test results show that the particle emissions from the GDI vehicles were higher than the particle emissions from the PFI vehicles. In addition, the test vehicles had the highest emissions in cold start conditions. In the GDI vehicles, the PM and PN satisfied the current regulations but PN did not satisfy the EURO 6c regulations that will be implemented in 2017. In all driving modes, the particle size distribution show that the most common particle size was approximately 50 nm, and the results according to the driving patterns of each mode were confirmed.

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Abbreviations

GDI:

Gasoline direct injection

PFI:

Port fuel injection

PM:

Particulate matter mass

PN:

Particle number

LEV:

Low emission vehicle

PMP:

Particle measurement program

CVS:

Constant volume sampler

CPC:

Condensation particle counter

VPR:

Volatile particle remover

HEPA:

High-efficiency particulate air

EEPS:

Engine exhaust particle sizer

SMPS:

Scanning mobility particle sizer

DMS:

Differential mobility spectrometer

ELPI:

Electrical low pressure impactor

FTP:

Federal test procedure

NEDC:

New european driving cycle

UDC:

Urban driving cycle

EUDC:

Extra urban driving cycle

NIER:

National Institute of Environmental Research

DPF:

Diesel particle filter

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Acknowledgments

The support of the research work presented in this paper by the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) fund is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

    Jihwan Jang

  2. National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 404-708, Korea

    Jongtae Lee & Jeongsoo Kim

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

    Sungwook Park

Authors
  1. Jihwan Jang
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  2. Jongtae Lee
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  3. Jeongsoo Kim
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  4. Sungwook Park
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Correspondence to Sungwook Park.

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Jang, J., Lee, J., Kim, J. et al. Comparisons of the nanoparticle emission characteristics between GDI and PFI vehicles. J Nanopart Res 17, 486 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3280-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3280-2

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