Abstract
While traffic congestion has been pointed out as everyday driving stress, few attempts are specialized in traffic management by using current IoT technology. In order to help alleviate traffic stress from drivers, this article proposes a cross-layer LoRa architecture and a machine-learning algorithm for smart town’s traffic management systems. LoRa is selected since it has strengths in range and power when compared to other wireless communication technologies. We introduce the cross-layer LoRa architecture, which is devised to facilitate its cognitive analysis. By dynamically allocating network and information resources, it complements the limitations of the standard LoRa protocol. We also have designed the logistic regression algorithm-which runs above its cognitive engine. The proposed algorithm outputs traffic coefficients based on density and travel time. This algorithm has achieved 97% of accuracy in the simulation. With further research, we believe the proposed system could be an excellent solution for smart traffic management.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali SS, George B, Vanajakshi L, Jayashankar V, Kumar VJ (2011) A multiple loop vehicle detection system for heterogeneous and lane-less traffic. 2011 IEEE Int Instrum Meas Technol Conf
Bingol E, Kuzlu M, Pipattanasompom M (2019) A Lora-based smart Streetlighting system for smart cities. 2019 7th international Istanbul smart grids and cities congress and fair (ICSG).
Boon M, Adan I, Winands E, Down D (2012) Delays at signalized intersections with exhaustive traffic control. Probab Eng Inf Sci 26(3):337–373
Cunningham JA, Whalley J (2020) The internet of things: enabling opportunities and challenges. The Internet of Things Entrepreneurial Ecosystems:121–135
de Carvalho Silva J, Rodrigues JJPC, Alberti AM, Solic P, Aquino ALL (2017) LoRaWAN — A low power WAN architecture for Internet of Things: A review and opportunities," 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech), Split, pp. 1–6.
Ding W, Jamalipour A (n.d.). Delay performance of the new explicit loss notification TCP technique for wireless networks. GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).
Frank SL, Otten LJ, Galli G, Vigliocco G (2015) Erratum to “the ERP response to the amount of information conveyed by words in sentences” [brain and language 140 (2015) 1–11]. Brain Lang 150:36
Han J, Song W, Gozho A, Sung Y, Ji S, Song L, Wen L, Zhang Q (2020) Lora-based smart IoT application for smart city: an example of human posture detection. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2020:1–15
Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J (2013) The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. Springer Science & Business Media.
Haxhibeqiri J, De Poorter E, Moerman I, Hoebeke J (2018) A survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: from technology to application. Sensors 18(11):3995
Hennessy DA, Wiesenthal DL (1999) Traffic congestion, driver stress, and driver aggression. Aggress Behav 25:409–423
Hobbs F (1979) The traffic stream and capacity. Traffic Planning and Engineering:332–382
Hunter JD (2007) Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment. Computing in Science & Engineering 9(3):90–95
Jiang Y, Peng L, Hu A, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhang L (2019) Physical layer identification of Lora devices using constellation trace figure. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2019(1)
Liepins M, Severdaks A (2013). Vehicle detection using non-invasive magnetic wireless sensor network. 2013 21st telecommunications forum TELFOR (TELFOR).
Lingani GM, Rawat DB, Garuba M (2019). Smart traffic management system using deep learning for smart city applications. 2019 IEEE 9th annual computing and communication workshop and conference (CCWC).
Ma W, Xing D, McKee A, Bajwa R, Flores C, Fuller B, Varaiya P (2014) A wireless accelerometer-based automatic vehicle classification prototype system. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 15(1):104–111
McKinney W, others. (2010). Data structures for statistical computing in python. In Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference (Vol. 445, pp. 51–56).
Nair KK, Abu-Mahfouz AM, Lefophane S (2019) Analysis of the narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) technology. 2019 conference on information communications technology and society (ICTAS).
Fernando Pérez, Brian E. Granger, IPython: a system for interactive scientific computing, Computing in Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 21–29, May/June 2007, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.53. URL: https://ipython.org
Qu C, Calheiros RN, Buyya R (2018) Auto-scaling web applications in clouds. ACM Comput Surv 51(4):1–33
Seneviratne C, Wijesekara PA, Leung H (2020) Performance analysis of distributed estimation for data fusion using a statistical approach in smart grid noisy wireless sensor networks. Sensors 20(2):567
Wen-Yu C, Yang H-B. (2007). Cross-layer QoS optimization design for wireless sensor networks. IET conference on wireless, Mobile and sensor Networks 2007 (CCWMSN07).
Workgroup TM (2015) LoRaWAN101.
Yaqoob I, Ahmed E, Hashem IAT, Ahmed AIA, Gani A, Imran M, Guizani M (2017) Internet of things architecture: recent advances, taxonomy, requirements, and open challenges. IEEE Wirel Commun 24:10–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2017.1600421
Acknowledgements
Conceptualization, formal analysis and investigation, validation: Seung Byum Seo; methodology, writing-original draft preparation, formal analysis: Pamul Yadav; writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition: Dhananjay Singh. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research work was supported by VESTELLA and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies research fund.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seo, S.B., Yadav, P. & Singh, D. LoRa based architecture for smart town traffic management system. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 26593–26608 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10091-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10091-5