Metal Science and Heat Treatment

, Volume 55, Issue 5–6, pp 281–284 | Cite as

Method for detecting austenite grains in low-carbon steel after hot deformation

Article

The structure of low-carbon steel after hot deformation at 1060 and 960°C with different degrees is studied. A procedure is developed for specimen etching in a reagent based on picric acid making it possible to detect clear austenite grain boundaries and sub-boundaries after hot deformation.

Key words

austenite grain boundaries chemical etching picric acid low-carbon steel 

References

  1. 1.
    C. M. Sellars, Options and Constraints for Thermomechanical Processing of Microalloyed Steel (1984).Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    J. J. Jonas and C. M. Sellars, Thermomechanical Processing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (1992).Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    A. W. Brewer, K. A. Erven, and G. Krauss, “Etching and image analysis of prior austenite grain boundaries in hardened steels,” Mater. Charact., 27, 53–56 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    K. S. Cho, H. S. Sim, J. H. Kim, et al., “A novel etchant for detecting the prior austenite grain boundaries and matrix information in high alloy steels,” Mater. Charact., 59, 786–793 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    C. Garcia De Andres, M. J. Bartolome, C. Capdevila, et al., “Metallographic techniques for the determination of the austenite grain size in medium-carbon microalloyed steels,” Mater. Charact., 35, 389–398 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    G. F. Vander Voort, “Wetting agents in metallography. Short communication,” Mater. Charact., 35, 135–137 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    M. G. Lozinskii, High Temperature Metallography, Oxford. UK: Pergamon (1961).Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    M. Okamoto, O. Miyagawa, and T. Saga, “High temperature microscope observation of the austenite grain size of steels,” Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 7, 217–223 (1966).Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    A. Brownrigg, P. Curcio, and R. Boelen, “Etching of prior austenite grain boundaries in martensite,” Metallography, 8, 529–533 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    D. R. Barraclough, “Etching of prior austenite grain boundaries in martensite,” Metallography, 6, 465–472 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    S. Bechet and L. Beaujard, Rev. Metall., 830 (1955).Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    J. R. Vilella, Metallographic Technique for Steel, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Cleveland, OH (1938).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    S. Leitner and H. J. Köstler, “Investigations into the application of etching reagents for austenite grain boundaries in tempered high-speed steels,” Pract. Metallogr., 15, 66–77 (1978).Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    O. O. Miller and M. J. Day, “Ferric chloride etchant for austenite grain size of low-carbon steel,” Metall. Prog., 56, 692–695 (1949).Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    C. Garcia De Andres, F. G. Caballero, C. Capdevila, and D. San Martin, “Detecting austenite grain boundaries by thermal etching: advantages and disadvantages,” Mater. Charact., 49, 121–127 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    D. San Martin, P. E. J. Rivera Diaz del Castillo, et al., “Application of Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy to highlight the prior austenite grain boundaries revealed by thermal etching,” Mater. Charact., 61, 484–488 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    G. A. Dreyer, D. E. Austin, and W. D. Smith, “New etchant brings out grain boundaries in martensitic steels,” Metall. Prog., 86, 116–117 (1964).Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    E. Schacht and J. Richter, “Experiences with etching reagents to show former austenite grain boundaries in steels,” Pract. Metallogr., 35, 384–395 (1998).Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    R. A. Grange, “The rapid heat treatment of steel,” Metall. Trans., 2, 65–78 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    G. F. Vander Voort, Metallography: Principles and Practice, McGraw-Hill Book, New York (1984).Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    J. B. Cohen, H. Hurlich, and M. Jacobson, Trans. ASM, 39, 109 (1947).Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    L. Zhang and D. C. Guo, “A general etchant for detecting prior austenite grain boundaries in steels,” Mater. Charact., 30, 299–305 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    H. Yada, in: Proceedings of International Symposium on Accelerated Cooling of Rolled Steel, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Winnipeg, Canada (1987).Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    D. Ferdian and A. Norman, “Austenite to ferrite transformation after hot deformation of low carbon steel,” Adv. Mater. Res., 383, 2801–2807 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Metals and Materials, Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepokIndonesia

Personalised recommendations