Landscape Ecology

, Volume 31, Issue 2, pp 317–336 | Cite as

Towards an energy–landscape integrated analysis? Exploring the links between socio-metabolic disturbance and landscape ecology performance (Mallorca, Spain, 1956–2011)

  • Joan Marull
  • Carme Font
  • Enric Tello
  • Nofre Fullana
  • Elena Domene
  • Manel Pons
  • Elena Galán
Research Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Context

The role of agricultural landscapes in biodiversity conservation is an emerging topic in a world experiencing a worrying decrease of species richness. Farm systems may either decrease or increase biological diversity, depending on land-use intensities and management.

Objectives

We present an intermediate disturbance-complexity model (IDC) of cultural landscapes aimed at assessing how different levels of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystems affect the capacity to host biodiversity depending on the land matrix heterogeneity. It is applied to the Mallorca Island, amidst the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.

Methods

The model uses the disturbance exerted when farmers alter the Net Primary Production through land-use change as well as when they remove a share of it (HANPP), together with Shannon–Wiener index (H′) of land-cover diversity. The model is tested with a twofold-scalar experimental design (1:50,000 and 1:5000) of a set of landscape units along three time points (1956, 1989, 2011). Species richness of breeding and wintering birds, taken as a biodiversity proxy, is used in an exploratory factor analysis.

Results

The results clearly show that when intermediate levels of HANPP are performed within intermediate levels of complexity (H′) in landscape patterns, like agro-forest mosaics, great bird species richness and high socio-ecological resilience can be maintained. Yet, these complex-heterogeneous landscapes are currently vanishing due to industrial farm intensification, rural abandonment and urban sprawl.

Conclusions

The results make apparent the usefulness of transferring the concept of intermediate disturbance-complexity interplay to cultural landscapes. Our spatial-explicit IDC model can be used as a tool for strategic environmental assessment of land-use planning.

Keywords

Disturbance ecology Land-use change Socio-metabolic patterns Land matrix heterogeneity Biodiversity Cultural landscape 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the Spanish research project HAR2012-38920-C02-02, and the international Partnership Grant SSHRC- 895-2011-1020 on ‘Sustainable farm systems: long-term socio-ecological metabolism in western agriculture’ funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Joan Marull
    • 1
  • Carme Font
    • 2
  • Enric Tello
    • 3
  • Nofre Fullana
    • 4
  • Elena Domene
    • 1
  • Manel Pons
    • 1
  • Elena Galán
    • 3
  1. 1.Barcelona Institute of Regional and Metropolitan StudiesAutonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
  2. 2.Department of MathematicsAutonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
  3. 3.Department of Economic History and InstitutionsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
  4. 4.Department of GeographyUniversity of the Balearic IslandsPalmaSpain

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