Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

, Volume 129, Issue 2, pp 1039–1046 | Cite as

Improving flame retardancy of PP/MH/RP composites through synergistic effect of organic CoAl-layered double hydroxide

Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

To improve the flame retardant efficiency of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide/red phosphorus (PP/MH/RP) composites, organic CoAl-layered double hydroxide (CoAl-OLDH) was designed and prepared. And PP/MH/RP/CoAl-OLDH nanocomposites were fabricated via melt blending method. The results indicated that CoAl-OLDH was dispersed uniformly in PP matrix to form exfoliated–intercalated structures. The combustion results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and UL-94 vertical burning rating of PP/MH/RP/CoAl-OLDH nanocomposites were increased comparing with pure PP, PP/MH/RP and PP/MH/RP/CoAl-LDH. When 3 mass% CoAl-OLDH replaced MH/RP, PP/MH/RP/CoAl-OLDH nanocomposites passed UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value was high to 27.8%. The cone calorimeter test results indicated that the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release of PP/MH/RP/CoAl-LDH nanocomposites with 3 mass% CoAl-OLDH were decreased by 36.9, 14.4, 18.4%, respectively. The improved flame retardant and smoke suppression properties were attributed the excellent sheet barrier effect and good catalytic carbonization performances of CoAl-OLDH due to the well dispersion.

Keywords

Polypropylene CoAl-OLDH Well dispersion Thermal stability Flame retardancy 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

This research is partly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51603091), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20150505), the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (No. HZ2015-KF07) and Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu.

References

  1. 1.
    Liu MX, Jia ZX, Jia DM, Zhou CR. Recent advance in research on halloysite nanotubes-polymer nanocomposite. Prog Polym Sci. 2014;39:1498–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Zhang JH, Zhang LM, Yang H, Kong QH, Liu YJ, Yuan AH. Sustainable processing of waste polypropylene to produce high yield value Fe/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. CrystEngComm. 2014;16:8832–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Liu Y, Deng CL, Zhao J. An efficiently halogen-free flame-retardant long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab. 2011;96:363–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Liang JZ, Feng JQ, Tsui CP, Tang CY, Liu DF, Zhang SD, Huang WF. Mechanical properties and flame-retardant of PP/MRP/Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 composites. Compos Part B-Eng. 2015;71:74–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Ye L, Miao YY, Yan H, Li Z, Zhou YL, Liu JX, Liu H. The synergistic effects of boroxo siloxanes with magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/MH blends. Polym Degrad Stab. 2013;98:868–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Yu ZL, Liu JC, Zhang YB, Luo J, Lu C, Pan BL. Thermo-oxidative degradation behavior and fire performance of high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite with an alternating layered structure. Polym Degrad Stab. 2015;115:54–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Yu T, Jiang N, Li Y. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube for improving the flame retardancy of ramie/poly(lactic acid) composite. Compos Sci Technol. 2014;104:26–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Chen XL, Yu J, He M, Guo SY, Luo Z, Lu SJ. Effects of zinc borate and microcapsulated red phosphorus on mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide composites. J Polym Res. 2009;16:357–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Tang MQ, Chen M, Xu Y, Chen XL, Sun ZD, Zhang ZB. Combustion characteristics and synergistic effects of red phosphorus masterbatch with expandable graphite in the flame retardant HDPE/EVA composites. Polym Eng Sci. 2015;55:2884–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Chen XL, Ma CY, Jiao CM. Synergistic effects between iron-graphene and ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:633–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Liu L, Zhang HK, Sun L, Kong QH, Zhang JH. Flame-retardant effect of montmorillonite intercalation iron compounds in polypropylene/aluminum hydroxide composites system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:807–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Yan XR, Gu JW, Guo J, Yu JF, Khan MA, Galaska AM, Sun LY, Young DP, Wei SY, Zhang QY, Guo ZH. Lowly loaded carbon nanotubes induced high electrical conductivity and giant magnetoresistance in ethylene/1-octene copolymers. Polymer. 2016;103:315–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Kalali EN, Wang X, Wang DY. Synthesis of a Fe3O4 nanosphere@Mg–Al layered-double-hydroxide hybrid and application in the fabrication of multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2016;55:6634–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Li C, Wan JT, Pan YT, Zhao PC, Fan H, Wang DY. Sustainable, biobased silicone with layered double hydroxide hybrid and their application in natural-fiber reinforced phenolic composites with enhanced performance. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2016;4:3113–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Cavani F, Trifiro F, Vaccari A. Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays: preparation, properties and app1ications. Catal Today. 1991;11:173–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Wang X, Kalali EN, Wang DY. Renewable cardanol-based surfactant modified layered double hydroxide as a flame retardant for epoxy resin. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2015;3:3281–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Hajibeygi M, Shabanian M, Khonakdar HA. Zn–Al LDH reinforced nanocomposites based on new polyamide containing imide group: from synthesis to properties. Appl Clay Sci. 2015;114:256–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Kalali EN, Wang X, Wang DY. Functionalized layered double hydroxide-based epoxy nanocomposites with improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties. J Mater Chem A. 2015;3:6819–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Wang Q, Undrell JP, Gao YS, Cai GP, Buffet JC, Wilkie CA, O’Hare D. Synthesis of flame-retardant polypropylene/LDH-borate nanocomposites. Macromolecules. 2013;46:6145–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Zhang JH, Yanagisawa K, Yao SS, Wong H, Qiu YS, Zheng HJ. Large-scale controllable preparation and performance of hierarchical nickel microstructures by a seed-mediated solution hydrogen reduction route. J Mater Chem A. 2015;48:7877–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Wang X, Zhou S, Xing WY, Yu B, Feng XM, Song L, Hu Y. Self-assembly of Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide/graphene hybrids for reducing fire hazard in epoxy composites. J Mater Chem A. 2013;1:4383–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Guo SZ, Zhang C, Peng HD, Wang WZ, Liu TX. Structural characterization, thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane/CoAl layered double hydroxide nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization. Compos Sci Technol. 2011;71:791–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Diao ZP, Zhang YX, Hao XD, Wen ZQ. Facile synthesis of CoAl-LDH/MnO2 hierarchical nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors. Ceram Int. 2014;40:2115–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Pan GX, Xia XH, Luo JS. Preparation of CoAl layered double hydroxide nanoflake arrays and their high supercapacitance performance. Appl Clay Sci. 2014;102:28–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Zhang JH, Qiu YS, Huang M, Zheng HJ, Yanagisawa K. Accelerated formation of strontium silicate by solid-state reaction in NaCl-H2O(v) system at lower temperature. Appl Surf Sci. 2015;347:57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Wang Q, Zhang X, Wang CJ, Zhu JH, Guo ZH, O’Hare D. Polypropylene/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. J Mater Chem. 2012;22:19113–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Yang JH, Zhang W, Ryu H, Lee JH, Park DH, Choi JY, Vinu A, Elzatahryde AA, Choy JH. Influence of anionic surface modifiers on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of layered double hydroxide/polypropylene nanocomposites. J Mater Chem A. 2015;45:22730–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Zhang CW, Li XM, Yang RJ, Lan YH. Effects of triphenyl phosphate on styrene suspension polymerization process and flame retardance properties of polystyrene/triphenyl phosphate nanocomposite. Colloid Polym Sci. 2016;294:1153–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    He QL, Yuan TT, Wei SY, Guo ZH. Catalytic and synergistic effects on thermal stability and combustion behavior of polypropylene: influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene stabilized cobalt nanoparticles. J Mater Chem A. 2013;1:13064–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Wang DY, Das A, Costa FR, Leuteritz A, Wang YZ, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G. Synthesis of organo cobalt aluminum layered double hydroxide via a novel single-step self-assembling method and its use as flame retardant nanofiller in PP. Langmuir. 2010;26:14162–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Yao WK, Li J, Feng Y, Wang W, Zhang XL, Chen Q, Komarneni S, Wang YJ. Thermally stable phosphorus and nickel modified ZSM-5 zeolites for catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics. RSC Adv. 2015;5:30485–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Jiang SD, Bai ZM, Tang G, Song L, Stec AA, Hull TR, Hu Y, Hu WZ. Layer-by-layer method and their effects on the flame retardancy of epoxy resins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014;6:14076–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Nie SB, Hu Y, Song L, He SQ, Yang DD. Study on a novel and efficient flame retardant synergist-nanoporous nickel phosphates VSB-1 with intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. Polym Adv Technol. 2008;19:489–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Zhang JH, Kong QH, Yang LY, Wang DY. Few layered Co(OH)2 ultrathin nanosheet-based polyurethane nanocomposites with reduced fire hazard: from eco-friendly flame retardance to sustainable recycling. Green Chem. 2016;18:3066–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Dong YM, Zhu YG, Dai X, Zhao D, Zhou X, Qi Y, Koo JH. Ammonium alcohol polyvinyl phosphate intercalated LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;122:135–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
  2. 2.School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina

Personalised recommendations