Thermal science and analysis
- 325 Downloads
- 13 Citations
Abstract
History of thermoscopy and thermometry is reviewed showing the role of temperature degrees including the forgotten logarithmic scale. The importance of natural laws of energy, motion, least action, and thermal efficiency is discussed. The meaning of idiomatic terms—thermal physics, thermodynamics, thermostatics, thermotics, and thermal analysis—is specified and revealed within two parallel developed branches of thermal science. Itemized 105 references with titles.
Keywords
Thermometry Thermodynamics Thermostatics Thermotics Thermal physics Natural laws Temperature scales H.Suga T.OzawaNotes
Acknowledgements
The results were developed within the CENTEM project, reg. no. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0088 that is co-funded from the ERDF within the OP RDI program of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. The author feels also indebted to his scientific friends, coworkers, and uppermost thermodynamists Pavel Holba (Pilsen), György Liptay (Budapest), Jiri. J. Mareš (Prague), Jiří Málek (Pardubice), Nobuyoshi Koga (Hiroshima), late German K. Moiseev (Jekatěrinburg), Ingo Müller (Berlin), late Tooru Atake (Tokyo), late Ivo Proks (Bratislava), Vladimír Šatava (Prague), Peter Šimon (Bratislava), late Bernhard Wunderlich (Knoxville), Harumi Yokokawa (Tsukuba), and Shmuel Yariv (Jerusalem). The author, however, was disappointed that this tribute lecture was suspended by the conference secretary (Riko Ozao) out from the Commemorate Special Session (crediting the conference honorary chairmen) to general session only.
References
- 1.Truesdel C. The tragicomical history of thermodynamics: 1822–1854. New York: Springer; 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Šesták J. Science of heat and thermophysical studies: a generalized approach to thermal analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005.Google Scholar
- 3.Müller I. A history of thermodynamics. Berlin: Springer; 2007.Google Scholar
- 4.Bensande-Vincent B, Stenger I. History of chemistry. London: Harvard Press; 1996.Google Scholar
- 5.Holton G. Thematic origins of scientific thoughts: from Kepler to Einstein. Cambridge: Harvard University; 1973.Google Scholar
- 6.Behar MF. Temperature and humidity measurement and control. New York: Instruments Publishing Company; 1932. p. 113–22.Google Scholar
- 7.Barnett MK. A brief history of thermometry. J Chem Educt. 1941;18(8):358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Sherwood Taylor F. The origin of the thermometer. Ann Sci. 1947;5:129–56.Google Scholar
- 9.Middleton WEK. History of thermometry and its use in meteorology. Nature. 1958;182:1487–9.Google Scholar
- 10.Ring EF. The historical development of thermometry and thermal imaging in medicine. J Med Eng Technol. 2006;30:192–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.McGee TD. Principles and methods of temperature measurement. New York: Wiley; 1988.Google Scholar
- 12.Wendlandt WW. Thermal methods of analysis. New York: Wiley; 1964.Google Scholar
- 13.Mackenzie RC. History of thermal analysis, special issue of Thermochim acta, vol. 73. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1984.Google Scholar
- 14.Šesták J, Mackenzie RC. The heat/fire concept and its journey from prehistoric time into the third millennium. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;64:129–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Proks I. Evaluation of the knowledge of phase equilibrium. In: Chvoj Z, Šesták J, Tříska A, editors. Kinetic phase diagrams: non-equilibrium phase transitions. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1991. p. 1–49.Google Scholar
- 16.Cardillo P. A history of thermochemistry through the tribulations of its development. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2002;72:7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Šesták J, Mareš JJ. From caloric to statmograph and polarography. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;88:763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Šesták J. Some historical features focused back to the process of European education revealing some important scientists, roots of thermal analysis and the origin of glass research. in book: Thermodynamic, Structural and Behavioral Aspects of Materials Accentuating Noncrystalline States. In: Šesták J, Holecek M, Malek J, editors. ZCU-OPS Pilsen. 2011. pp. 30–58.Google Scholar
- 19.Šesták J, Hubík P, Mareš JJ. Historical roots and development of thermal analysis and calorimetry. In: Šesták J, Mareš JJ, Hubik P, editors. Glassy, amorphous and nano-crystalline materials. London: Springer; 2011. p. 347–70.Google Scholar
- 20.Proks I. The whole is simpler than its parts: chapters from the history of exact sciences. Bratislava: Veda-Slovak Academy of Sciences; 2012. (in Slovak).Google Scholar
- 21.Holba P, Šesták J. Czechoslovak footprints in the development of methods of thermometry, calorimetry and thermal analysis (Prague). Ceramics-Silikaty. 2012;56(2):159–67.Google Scholar
- 22.Mareš JJ. Hotness manifold, phenomenological temperature and other related concepts of thermal physics. In: Šesták J, Mareš JJ, Hubik P, editors. Glassy amorphous and nano-crystalline materials. London: Springer; 2011. p. 327–45.Google Scholar
- 23.Leurechon J. La Recreation Mathematique; 1628.Google Scholar
- 24.Comenius JA: Physicae synopsis Leipzig 1633 and Amsterdam 1647.Google Scholar
- 25.Comenius JA. Disquisitiones de Caloris et Frigoris Natura. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1659.Google Scholar
- 26.Šesták JH. Heat, Thermal analysis and society. Hradec Kralove: Nucleus; 2004.Google Scholar
- 27.Grigull U. Newton’s temperature scale and the law of cooling. Heat Mass Transf. 1984;18(4):195–9.Google Scholar
- 28.Donald MB. Thermodynamics and the logarithmic temperatures scale. Nature. 1946;157:624–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Carnot S. Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu. Paris: Bachelier; 1824.Google Scholar
- 30.Šesták J. Thermophysical properties of solid: theoretical thermal analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier Mir; 1984. Russian translation: Teoreticheski termicheski analyz Moscow 1988.Google Scholar
- 31.Mareš JJ, Hubík P, Šesták J, Špička V, Krištofik J, Stávek J. Phenomenological approach to the caloric theory of heat. Thermochim Acta. 2008;474:16–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Šesták J, Mareš JJ, Hubík P, Proks I. Contribution by Lazare and Sadi Carnot to the caloric theory of heat and its inspirative role in alternative thermodynamics. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:679–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Comenius JA. Physicae ad lumen divinum reformatae synopsis. Amsterdam: Comenius; 1642.Google Scholar
- 34.Hintikka J. Lingua universalis versus calculus ratiocinator. Berlin: Springer; 1996.Google Scholar
- 35.Bassler OB, Gunn AE. Lingua universalis versus calculus ratiocinator: An ultimate presupposition of twentieth-century philosophy. Dordrecht: Kluwer; 1997.Google Scholar
- 36.Descartes R. Principia philosophiae. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1644.Google Scholar
- 37.Marci JM. De proportione motu. Prague; 1639.Google Scholar
- 38.Fermat P. Synthesis ad reflexiones. (a latter to de la Chambre 1662) in Oeuvres de P. Fermat. Tom 1, Paris; 1891. p. 173.Google Scholar
- 39.Maupertuis PLM. Oeuvres de Maupertuis. Paris: Alyon; 1768.Google Scholar
- 40.Runge FF, Liesegang RE, Belousov BP, Zhabotinsky AM. Selbsorganisation chemischer Strukturen. In: Kuhnert L, Niedersen U, editors. Ostwald’s Klassiker. Verlag Deutsch: Frankfurt; 1987.Google Scholar
- 41.Stávek J, Šípek M, Šesták M. Application of the principle of least action to some self-organized chemical reactions. Thermochim Acta. 2002;388:440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 42.Mareš JJ, Stávek J, Šesták J. Quantum aspects of self-organized periodic chemical reaction. J Chem Phys. 2004;121:1499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.Mackenzie R, Proks I. Comenius and Black as progenitors of thermal analysis. Thermochim Acta. 1985;92:3–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 44.Lavoisier AJ. Traite Elementaire de Chemie. Paris: Cuchet; 1789.Google Scholar
- 45.Thenard L. Treatise of chemistry. Paris: Crochard; 1836.Google Scholar
- 46.Kelland P. Theory of heat. Cambridge: Kelland; 1837.Google Scholar
- 47.Clausius R. Mechanische Wärmetheorie. Braunschweig: Viewegu Sohn; 1876.Google Scholar
- 48.McKie D, Heathcote NHV. The discovery of specific and latent heats. London: Arnold; 1935.Google Scholar
- 49.Fenby DR. Heat: its measuremnents from Galileo to Lavoasier. Pure Appl Chem. 1987;59:91–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 50.Mareš JJ. On the development of temperature concept. J Thermal Anal Calor. 2000;60:1081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 51.Gibbs JW. Collected works of J.W. Gibbs. New York: Longsmans; 1928.Google Scholar
- 52.Thompson W. Über die dynamisme Theorie der Wärme. Berlin/Leipzig: Engelmann; 1914.Google Scholar
- 53.Hemholtz H. Abhandlungen zur Thermodynamik. Leipzig: Akadamische gesellschaft; 1921.Google Scholar
- 54.Prigogine I. Introduction to the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. New York: Interscience; 1967.Google Scholar
- 55.Fourier JB. Theorie analytique de la chaleur. Paris: Heat Publisher; 1822.Google Scholar
- 56.Onsager L. Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes. Phys Rev. 1931;37:405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 57.Jou D, Casas-Vazques J, Lebon G. Extended irreversible thermodynamics. Berlin: Springer; 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 58.Kondepudi DK, Prigogine I. Modern Thermodynamics: from heat engines to dissipative processes. London: Wiley; 1998.Google Scholar
- 59.Brønsted J. Principer og problemer i energetiken. Copenhagen, 1946.Google Scholar
- 60.Brønsted J. Principles and problems in energetics. New York: Interscience; 1955.Google Scholar
- 61.Bell RP. Principles and problems in energetics. New York: Interscience Publishers; 1955.Google Scholar
- 62.Harman P. Energy, force and matter. Cambridge: University Press; 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 63.Lindsay RB. Energy: historical development of the concept. Stroudsburg: Dowden; 1975.Google Scholar
- 64.Strouhal Č. Thermics. Prague: JČMF; 1908. (in Czech).Google Scholar
- 65.Guggenheim EA. Modern thermodynamics by the methods of Willard Gibbs. London: Methuen & Co; 1933.Google Scholar
- 66.Fermi E. Thermodynamics. New York: Prentice Hall; 1937.Google Scholar
- 67.Keenan JH. Thermodynamics. New York: Wiley; 1941.Google Scholar
- 68.Bridgeman PW. Nature of thermodynamics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1941.Google Scholar
- 69.Guggenheim EA. Thermodynamics: an advanced treatment for chemists and physicists. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1950.Google Scholar
- 70.Callen HB. Thermodynamics: an introduction to thermostatics. New York: Wiley; 1960.Google Scholar
- 71.Tribus M. Thermostatics and thermodynamics: an introduction to energy, information and states of matter. New York: Nostrand; 1961.Google Scholar
- 72.Kroemer H, Kittel C. Thermal physics. New York: Freeman; 1980.Google Scholar
- 73.Ralph R. Thermal physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.Google Scholar
- 74.Mareš JJ, Šesták J. An attempt at quantum thermal physics. J Thermal Anal Calor. 2005;82:68.Google Scholar
- 75.Bird G. Two chapters on thermotics in book: elements of natural philosophy: the study of the physical sciences. London: John Churchill; 1839.Google Scholar
- 76.Tykodi RJ. Thermodynamics of steady state. New York: MacMillan; 1967.Google Scholar
- 77.Tykodi RJ. Correspondence: thermodynamics-thermotics as the name of the game. Ind Eng Chem. 1968;2011(60):22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 78.Parker PM, editors. Thermal analysis: webster’s timeline history, 1909–2007. Amazon, 2012.Google Scholar
- 79.Tammann G. Über die anwendung der thermische analysen in abnormen fällen. Z Anorg Chem. 1905;45:24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 80.Tammann G. Über die anwendung der thermische analysen III. Z Anorg Chem. 1905;45:289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 81.Mackenzie RC, editor. Handbook of DTA. New York: Chemistry Publisher; 1966.Google Scholar
- 82.Šesták J, Holba P, Bárta R. Theory and practice of TA methods based on the indication of enthalpy changes (Prague). Silikáty. 1976;20:83. (in Czech).Google Scholar
- 83.Holba P, Nevřiva M, Šesták J. Analysis of DTA curve and related calculation of kinetic data using novel computer technique. Thermochim Acta. 1978;23:223–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 84.Boerio-Goates J, Callen JE. Differential Thermal Methods. In: Rossiter BW, Beatzold RC, editors. Determination of Thermodynamic Properties. New York: Wiley; 1992. p. 621–718.Google Scholar
- 85.Holba P, Šesták J. Sedmidubsky D. Heat transfer and phase transition at DTA experiments. Chapter 4 in the book: Thermal analysis of micro-, nano- and non-crystalline materials: transformation, crystallization, kinetics and thernodynamics. Šesták J, Šimon P, editors. Springer: Berlin; 2013 (ISBN 978-90-481-3149-5).Google Scholar
- 86.Mackenzie RC. Origin and development of the international conference for thermal analysis (ICTA). J Thermal Anal. 1993;40:5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 87.Lombardi G, Šesták J. Ten years since Robert C. Mackenzie’s death: a tribute to the ICTA founder. J Thermal Anal Calorim. 2011;105:783–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 88.Šesták J. Citation records and some forgotten anniversaries in thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2012;109:1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 89.Gallagher PK, Ozawa T, Šesták J, editors. Oxide high Tc superconductor. Thermochim acta special issue, vol. 174. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1991.Google Scholar
- 90.Sorai M, Šesták J, editors. Transition phenomena in condensed matter: special issue of Thermochim acta dedicated to H Suga, vol. 266. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1995.Google Scholar
- 91.Suga H. Some essential attributes of glassiness regarding the nature of non-crystalline solids. In: Šesták J, Mareš JJ, Hubík P, editors. Glassy, amorphous and nano-crystalline materials. Berlin: Springer; 2011. p. 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 92.Ozawa T. A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 1965;38:1881–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 93.Ozawa T. A new method of quantitative differential thermal analysis. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 1966;39:2071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 94.Ozawa T. Kinetic analysis of derivative curves in thermal analysis. J Thermal Anal. 1970;2:301–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 95.Ozawa T. Kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization. Polymer. 1971;12:150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 96.Ozawa T. Non-isothermal kinetics of diffusion and its application to thermal analysis. J Thermal Anal. 1973;5:563–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 97.Ozawa T. A modified method for kinetic analysis of thermoanalytical data. J Thermal Anal. 1976;9:369–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 98.Ozawa T. Thermal analysis: review and prospect. Thermochim Acta. 2000;355:35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 99.Ozawa T. Kinetics of growth from pre-existing surface nuclei. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2005;82:687–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 100.Suga H, Seki S. Thermodynamic Investigation on Glassy States: pure Simple Compounds. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1974;16:171–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 101.Suga H, Seki S. Frozen-in states of orientational and positional disorder in molecular solids. Faraday Discussion. 1980;69:221–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 102.Suga H. Frozen-in disorder and slow relaxation in crystals. J Chem Thermodyn. 1993;25:463–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 103.Oguni M, Suga H. Amorphous materials and their elucidation by adiabatic calorimetry. In: Letcher TM, editor. Chemical Thermodynamics. Oxford: IUPAC Monograph. Blackwell Science; 1999. p. 227–37.Google Scholar
- 104.Suga H. Propects of material science: from crystalline to amorphous solids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2000;60:957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 105.Suga H. Frozen disorder in condensed phases. Russ J Phys Chem. 2003;77:S7.Google Scholar