Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

, Volume 109, Issue 2, pp 619–628 | Cite as

Waste and fuels from waste

Part I. Analysis of thermal decomposition
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Thermogravimetric studies provide the basis for qualification of materials and suitability of biomass fuels and fuels formed from waste to convert them into fuel gas generated in the generator process. The paper presents the results of the analysis of thermal decomposition (thermogravimetric research) of fuel from waste, sewage sludge and wastes from the agro-food: potato pulp and rapeseed meal. Studies have shown how some biofuels and fuel formed from waste reach the semi-coke and coke structure, which is important later, in modeling industry degassing process. The most effective seems to be using rapeseed meal in generator process, since the thermal decomposition occurs in the form of transformation in the temperature range 200–500 °C. On the basis of quantity analysis of gaseous transformation products from the above mentioned transformations, the calorific value of after process gases has been calculated. The highest calorific value is represented by a gas resulting from rapeseed meal pyrolysis ~10,040 kJ/Nm3. The solid residue obtained by dry decomposition of potato pulp has the highest energy value when compared with products from other fuels.

Keywords

Thermogravimetric Waste Pyrolysis gas Semi-coke Calorific value 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland, Grant No.R0601802.

References

  1. 1.
    Kök MV. An investigation into the combustion curves of lignites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;64:1319–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Kök MV. Non-isothermal DSC and TG/DTG analysis of the combustion of silopi asphaltites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;88(3):663–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Aylón E, Callèn MS, López JM, Mastral AM, Murillo R, Navarro MV, Stelmach S. Assessment of tire devolatilization kinetics. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2005;74:259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Gonzàlez JF, Encinar JM, Canito JL, Rodrìguez JJ. Pyrolysis of automobile tyre waste. Influence of operating variables and kinetic study. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2001;58-59:667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Williams PT, Besler S. Pyrolysis-thermogravimetric analysis of tyres and tyre components. Fuel. 1995;74:1277–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Sułkowski WW, Danch A, Moczyński M, Radoń A, Sułkowska A, Borek J. Thermogravimetric study of rubber waste-polyurethane composites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2004;78:905–21.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Rybiński P, Janowska G, Kucharska-Jastrząbek A, Pająk A, Wójcik I, Wesołek D, Bujnowicz K. Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;. doi: 10.1007/s10973-011-1728-x.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Galvagno S, Casu S, Martino M, Di Palma E, Portofino S. Thermal and kinetic study of tyre waste pyrolysis via TG–FTIR–MS analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;88(2):507–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Dispenza C, Spadaro G. Cure kinetics of a tetrafunctional rubber modified epoxy-amine system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2000;61:579–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Molto J, Font R, Conesa J. Kinetic model of the decomposition of a PET fibre cloth in an inert and air environment. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2007;79:289–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Burlett DI. Thermal techniques to study complex elastomer/filler systems. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2004;75:531–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Benavides R, Castillo BM, Castaneda AO, Lopez GM, Arias G. Different thermo-oxidative degradation routes in poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab. 2001;73:417–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Di Nola G, de Jong W, Spliethoff H. TG–FTIR characterisation of coal and biomass single fuels and blends under slow heating rate conditions: partitioning of the fuel-bound nitrogen. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;91:103–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Stolarek P, Ledakowicz S. Thermal processing of sewage sludge by drying, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion. Water Sci Technol. 2001;44(10):333–9.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Font R, Fullana A, Conesa JA, Lavador F. Analysis of the pyrolysis and combustion of different sewage sludges by TG. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2001;58:927–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Gomez-Rico MF, Font R, Fullana A, Martin-Gullon I. Thermogravimetric study of different sewage sludges and their relationship with the nitrogen content. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2005;74:421–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Shen L, Zhang DK. An experimental study of oil recovery from sewage sludge by low-temperature pyrolysis in a fluidised-bed. Fuel. 2003;82(4):465–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Yang H, Yan R, Chen H, Lee HD, Liang DT, Zheng C. In-depth investigation of biomass pyrolysis based on three major components:hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Energy Fuels. 2006;20(1):388–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Arenillas A, Pevida C, Rubiera F, Garcia R, Pis JJ. Characterisation of model compounds and a synthetic coal by TG/MS/FTIR to represent the pyrolysis behaviour of coal. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2004;71(2):747–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Fang MX, Shen DK, Li YX, Yu CJ, Luo ZY, Cen KF. Kinetic study on pyrolysis and combustion of wood under different oxygen concentrations by using TG–FTIR analysis. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2006;77(1):22–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Otero M, Diez C, Calvo LF, Garcia AI, Moran A. Analysis of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal by TG–MS. Biomass Bioenergy. 2002;22(4):319–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Karayildirim T, Yanik J, Yuksel M, Bockhorn H. Characterisation of products from pyrolysis of waste sludges. Fuel. 2006;85:1498–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Shao J, Yan R, Chen H, Wang B, Lee DH, Liang DT. Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of sewage sludge by thermogravimetry Fourier transform infrared analysis. Energy Fuels. 2008;22:38–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Heikkinen J, Spliethoff H. Waste mixture composition by thermogravimetric analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2003;72:1031–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Yang Y, Tan L, Jin S, Lin Y, Yang H. Catalytic pyrolysis of tobacco rob: kinetic study and fuel gas produced. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:11027–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Cheng G, Zhang L, He P, Yan F, Bo Xiao B, Tao Xu T, Jiang Ch, Zhang Y, Guo D. Pyrolysis of ramie residue: kinetic study and fuel gas produced in a cyclone furnace. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:3451–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Cheng G, Zhang L, He P, Yan F, Xiao B, Xu T, Jiang Ch, Zhang Y, Guo D. Pyrolysis of ramie residue: kinetic study and fuel gas produced in a cyclone furnace. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:3451–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Hwang IH, Matsuto T, Tanaka N, Sasaki Y, Tanaami K. Characterization of char derived from various types of solid waste from the standpoint of fuel recovery and pretreatment before landfilling. Waste Manag (Oxford). 2007;27:1155–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Kantarelis E, Zabaniotou A. Valorization of cotton stalks by fast pyrolysis and fixed bed air gasification for syngas production as precursor of second generation biofuels and sustainable agriculture. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:942–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Karayildirim T, Yanik J, Yuksel M, Bockhorn H. Characterisation of products from pyrolysis of waste sludges. Fuel. 2006;85:1498–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Avenell ChS, Sainz-Diaz CI, Griffitchs AJ. Solid waste pyrolysis in pilot-scale batch pyrolyser. Fuel. 1996;75:1167–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Silesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
  2. 2.Bialystok University of TechnologyBiałystokPoland

Personalised recommendations