Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

, Volume 62, Issue 3, pp 358–363 | Cite as

In situ crystalline investigation of sol–gel deposited barium stannate (BaxSnO2+y; x:y ≈ 1:1) nanoparticles in alkaline medium

Original paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
  • 146 Downloads

Abstract

Fine layers of barium stannate nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol–gel technique with tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) and barium sulphate (BaSO4). Physico-chemical properties of barium stannate, BaxSnO2+y; x:y ≈ 1:1 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV–Visible spectrophotometry technique. A growth mechanism based on the combination of particle sticking and molecule level heterogeneous growth is proposed. It has been found that the particle size of all the samples was distributed in the range 3.0–6.5 Ǻ while optical absorption spectrum indicates that BaxSnO2+y nanoparticles have a direct band gap of 3.9 eV.

Keywords

Barium stannate Particle size Band gap Sol–gel 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Gnanam S, Rajendran V (2010) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 53:555–559CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Jorezebsk JM, Marton JP (1976) J Electrochem Soc 129:229CGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Bose AC, Kalpana D, Thangadurai P, Ramasamy S (2002) J Power Sources 107:138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Lampe U, Gerblinger J, Meixner H (1995) Sens Actuator B Chem 657:24–25Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Subbarao EC (1981) Ferroelectrics 35:143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Olivi P, Ecp Souza, Longo verela JA, Bulhoes LOS (1993) J Electrochem Soc 140:81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Chopra KL, Major S, Pandya DK (1983) Thin Solid Films 102:1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Pianaro SA, Bueno PR, Longo E, Verla JA (1995) J Mater Sci 14:692Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bueno PR, Cassia-Santos MR, Leite ER, Longo E, Bisquert J, Garcia-Santiago G (2000) J Appl Phys 88:6545CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Tagawa T, Kataka S, Hattori T, Murakani Y (1994) Appl Catal 4:1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Park PW, Kung HH, Kin DW, Kung MC (1999) J Catal 184:440CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Chen ZW, Lai JKL, Shek CH (2004) Phys Rev B 70:165314CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Dieguez A, Rodriguez AR, Vila A, Morante JR (2001) J Appl Phys 90:1550CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Arai T (1960) J Phys Soc Jpn 15:916CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Jeong J, Choi SP, Chang CI, Shin DC, Park JS, Lee BT, Park YJ, Song HJ (2003) Solid State Commun 127:595CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Santos LRB, Chartier T, Pagnoux C, Baumard JF, Santilli CV, Pulcinelli SH, Larbot A (2004) J Eur Ceram Soc 24:3713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Grzeta B, Tkalcec E, Geobbert C, Takeda M, Takahashi M, Nomura K, Jaksic M (2002) J Phys Chem Solids 63:765CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Antonio JAT, Baez RG, Sebastian PJ, Vazquez A (2003) J Solid State Chem 174:241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Zhang J, Gao L (2004) J Solid State Chem 177:1425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Licheron M, Jouan G, Husson E (1997) J Eur Ceram Soc 17:1453–1457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Berry FJ, Moore E, Mortimer M, Ren X, Heap R, Slate P, Thomas MF (2008) J Solid State Chem 181:2185–2190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Klug HP, Alexender LE (1974) X-ray diffraction procedures for polycrystalline and amorphous materials. Wiley, New York, NYGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Roy P, Srivastava SK (2006) Thin Solid Films 496:293–298CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Willamson GB, Smallman RC (1956) Philos Mag 1:34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Gnanam S, Rajendran V (2010) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol. doi: 10.1007/s10971-010-2285-7
  26. 26.
    Nair MTS, Guerrero L, Arenas OL, Nair PK (1999) Appl Surf Sci 150:143–151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Roa-Rojas J, CuervoFarfán J, ArbeyRodríguez J, Fajardo F, VeraLópez E, Landínez Téllez DA (2009) Phys B 404:2720–2722Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Janai M, Alfred DD, Booth DC, Seraphin BO (1979) Sol Energy Mater 1:11CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Personalised recommendations