Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

, Volume 311, Issue 1, pp 833–841 | Cite as

Speciation analysis of 129I in seawater using coprecipitation and accelerator mass spectrometry and its applications

  • Shan Xing
  • Xiaolin Hou
  • Ala Aldahan
  • Göran Possnert
Article
First Online:
Received:

Abstract

Speciation analysis of long-lived 129I in seawater can provide useful information on the source of water masses. This paper presents an improved method for speciation analysis of 129I based on coprecipitation of iodide as AgI with Ag2SO3 and AgCl. By adding a small amount of 127I carrier, the separation efficiency of iodine species and the accuracy and precision of 129I measurement are remarkably improved. 129I species in depth profiles of seawater from the Antarctic were analyzed for investigation of water circulation in the Antarctic.

Keywords

129I Speciation analysis Accelerator mass spectrometry Seawater 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgments

Financial supports from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015FY110800), as well as State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology are gratefully acknowledged. S. Xing thanks Dr. Qi Liu in Xi’an AMS center for his help in AMS measurement of 129I. The sampling program was done as part of 2010/2011 Antarctica two-ship expedition through the international scientific cruise jointly funded by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and the US National Science Foundation (NSF). We thank the N.P. Palmar scientific team for providing the onlone measurement data.

References

  1. 1.
    Wong GTF (1991) The Marine geochemistry of iodine. Rev Aqua Sci 4:45–73Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Hou XL, Aldahan A, Nielsen SP, Possnert G, Nies H, Hedfors J (2007) Speciation of 129I and 127I in seawater and implications for sources and transport pathways in the North Sea. Environ Sci Technol 41:5993–5999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Hou XL, Hansen V, Aldahan A, Possnert G, Lind OC, Lujaniene G (2009) A review on speciation of iodine-129 in the environmental and biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 632:181–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Raisbeck GM, Yiou F (1999) 129I in the oceans: origins and applications. Sci Total Environ 237–238:31–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Nishiizumi K, Elmore D, Honda M, Arnold JR, Gove HE (1983) Measurements of 129I in meteorites and lunar rock by tandem accelerator mass spectrometry. Nature 305:611–612CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Rao U, Fehn U (1999) Sources and reservoirs of anthropogenic iodine-129 in western New York. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 63:1927–1938CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Luo MY, Hou XL, He CH, Liu Q, Fan YK (2013) Speciation analysis of 129I in seawater by carrier-free AgI–AgCl coprecipitation and accelerator mass spectrometric measurement. Anal Chim 85:3715–3722CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Fehn U, Snyder G, Egeberg PK (2000) Dating of pore waters with 129I: relevance for the origin of marine gas hydrates. Science 289:2332–2335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Keogh SM, Aldahan A, Possnert G, Finegan P, Vintro LL, Mitchell PI (2007) Trends in the spatial and temporal distribution of 129I and 99Tc in coastal waters surrounding Ireland using fucus vesiculosus as a bio-indicator. J Environ Radioact 95:23–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Reithmeier H, Lazarev V, Rühm W, Schwikowski TM, Gäggeler HW, Nolte E (2006) Estimate of European 129I releases supported by 129I analysis in an Alpine ice core. Environ Sci Technol 40:5891–5896CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Santschi PH, Schwehr KA (2004) 129I/127I as a new environmental tracer or geochronometer for biogeochemical or hydrodynamic processes in the hydrosphere and geosphere: the central role of organo-iodine. Sci Total Environ 321:257–271CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Hou XL, Zhou WJ, Chen N, Zhang LY, Liu Q, Luo MY, Fan YK, Liang W, Fu YC (2010) Determination of ultralow level 129I/127I in natural samples by separation of microgram carrier free iodine and accelerator mass spectrometry detection. Anal Chim 82:7713–7721CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Zhou W, Hou X, Chen N (2010) Preliminary study of radioisotope 129I application in china using Xi’an accelerator mass spectrometer. INCS News 25:8–23Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Pham MK, Betti M, Povinec PP, Alfimov V, Biddulph D, Gastaud J, Kieser WE, Lopez Gutierrez JM, Possnert G, Sanchez-Cabeza JA et al (2010) Certified reference material IAEA-418: 129I in Mediterranean Sea water. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 286:121–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Hou XL, Dahlgaard H, Nielsen SP (2001) Chemical speciation analysis of 129I in seawater and a preliminary investigation to use it as a tracer for geochemical cycle study of stable iodine. Mar Chem 74:145–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Snyder G, Aldahan A, Possnert G (2010) Global distribution and long-term fate of anthropogenic 129I in marine and surface water reservoirs. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 11:1–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Fehn U, Moran JE, Snyder GT, Muramatsu Y (2007) The initial 129I/I ratio and the presence of ‘old’ iodine in continental margins. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 259:496–502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Fehn U, Snyder G (2000) 129I in the Southern Hemisphere: global redistribution of an anthropogenic isotope. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 172:366–371CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Moran JE, Fehn U, Hanor JS (1995) Determination of source ages and migration patterns of brines from the U.S. gulf coast basin using 129I. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:5055–5069CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Moran JE, Fehn U, Teng RTD (1998) Variations in 129I/127I ratios in recent marine sediments: evidence for a fossil organic component. Chem Geol 152:193–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Xing S, Hou XL, Aldahan A, Possnert G, Shi KL, Yi P, Zhou WJ (2015) Iodine-129 in snow and seawater in the Antarctic: level and source. Environ Sci Technol 49:6691–6700CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Alfimov V, Aldahan A, Possnert G, Winsor P (2004) Anthropogenic iodine-129 in seawater along a transect from the norwegian coastal current to the North Pole. Mar Pollut Bull 49:1097–1104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Schink DR, Santschi PH, Corapcioglu O, Sharma P, Fehn U (1995) 129I in Gulf of Mexico waters. Earth Planet Sci Lett 135:131–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Hou XL, Povinec PP, Zhang LY, Shi KL, Biddulph D, Chang C-C, Fan YK, Golser R, Hou YK, Ješkovský M et al (2013) Iodine-129 in seawater offshore Fukushima: distribution, inorganic speciation, sources, and budget. Environ Sci Technol 47:3091–3098Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Smith JN, Ellis KM, Kilius LR (1998) 129I and 137Cs tracer measurements in the Arctic Ocean. Deep Sea Res I 45:959–984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Suzuki T, Kabuto S, Amano H, Togawa O (2008) Measurement of iodine-129 in seawater samples collected from the Japan Sea area using accelerator mass spectrometry: contribution of nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Quat Geochronol 3:268–275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Yabuki T, Suga T, Hanawa K, Matsuoka K, Kiwada H, Watanabe T (2006) Possible source of the antarctic bottom water in the Prydz Bay region. J Oceanogr 62:649–655CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Xi’an AMS Center, Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina
  2. 2.Center for Nuclear TechnologiesTechnical University of DenmarkRoskildeDenmark
  3. 3.Department of GeologyUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
  4. 4.Department of Earth SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
  5. 5.Tandem LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Personalised recommendations