Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications

, Volume 164, Issue 1, pp 342–358 | Cite as

Harmony Search Algorithm Approach for Optimum Design of Post-Tensioned Axially Symmetric Cylindrical Reinforced Concrete Walls

Article

Abstract

This paper presents an optimization procedure based on harmony search algorithm (HS) for design of post-tensioned axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete (RC) walls. Total material cost of the wall including concrete, reinforced bars, post-tensioned cables, and form work required for wall and application of the post-tensioning are defined as objective function of the optimization procedure. The wall thickness, compressive strength of the concrete, locations, and intensities of the post-tensioned loads were considered as design variables. In addition to that, the diameter of the reinforcement bars and distance between these bars are selected randomly to obtain an optimum design. Thus, these variables can also be added to the design variables. Other materials and sectional properties of the wall comprise the design constants of the optimization. The analyses of the wall were done by superposition method, and the reinforced design was done according to rules described in the regulation ACI 318 (Building code requirements for structural concrete). The paper concludes that the presented optimization procedure via HS algorithm is effective for optimum design of the post-tensioned RC walls.

Keywords

Axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete walls Optimization Harmony search Optimum cost Optimum design 

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000)

Optimization Numerical analyses Optimal design 

References

  1. 1.
    ACI 318M–05: Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills (2005).Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Coello, C., Hernandez, F.S., Ferrera, F.A.: Optimal design of reinforced concrete beams using genetic algorithms. Expert Syst. Appl. 12, 101–108 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Barros, M.H.F.M., Martins, R.A.F., Barros, A.F.M.: Cost optimization of singly and doubly reinforced concrete beams with EC2-2001. Struct. Multidiscip. O. 30, 236–242 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Govindaraj, V., Ramasamy, J.V.: Optimum detailed design of reinforced concrete continuous beams using genetic algorithms. Comput. Struct. 84, 34–48 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Rafiq, M.Y., Southcombe, C.: Genetic algorithms in optimal design and detailing of reinforced concrete biaxial columns supported by a declarative approach for capacity checking. Comput. Struct. 69, 443–457 (1998)CrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Gil-Martin, L.M., Hernandez-Montes, E., Aschheim, M.: Optimal reinforcement of RC columns for biaxial bending. Mater. Struct. 43, 1245–1256 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Koumousis, V.K., Arsenis, S.J.: Genetic algorithms in optimal detailed design of reinforced concrete members. Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng. 13(1), 43–52 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Camp, C.V., Pezeshk, S., Hansson, H.: lexural design of reinforced concrete frames using a genetic algorithm. J. Struct. Eng. ASCE 129, 105–111 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Govindaraj, V., Ramasamy, J.V.: Optimum detailed design of reinforced concrete frames using genetic algorithms. Eng. Optim. 39(4), 471–494 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Guerra, A., Kiousis, P.D.: Design optimization of reinforced concrete structures. Comput. Concr. 3, 313–334 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Ferreira, C.C., Barros, M.H.F.M., Barros, A.F.M.: Optimal design of reinforced concrete T-sections in bending. Eng. Struct. 25, 951–964 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Fedghouche, F., Tiliouine, B.: Minimum cost design of reinforced concrete T-beams at ultimate loads using Eurocode2. Eng. Struct. 42, 43–50 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Ceranic, B., Freyer, C., Baines, R.W.: An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design reinforced concrete retaining structure. Comput. Struct. 79, 1569–1581 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Camp, C.V., Akin, A.: Design of retaining walls using big bang-big crunch optimization. J. Struct. Eng. ASCE 138(3), 438–448 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Adidam, S.R., Subramanyam, A.V.: Optimum design of reinforced concrete water tanks. J. Struct. Div.-ASCE 108, 1219–1231 (1982)Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Saxena, M., Sharma, S.P., Mohan, C.: Cost optimization of Intze tanks on shafts using nonlinear programming. Engrg. Optim. 10(4), 279–288 (1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Thevendran, V., Thambiratnam, D.P.: Minimum weight design of conical concrete water tanks. Comput. Struct. 29, 669–704 (1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Thevendran, V.: Design of reinforced concrete cylindrical water tanks for minimum material cost. Comput. Struct. 48(5), 803–810 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Tan, G.H., Thevendran, V., Das Gupta, N.C., Thambiratnam, D.P.: Design of reinforced concrete cylindrical water tanks for minimum material cost. Comput. Struct. 48(5), 803–810 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Barakat, S.A., Altoubat, S.: Application of evolutionary global optimization techniques in the design of RC water tanks. Eng. Struct. 31(2), 332–344 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Ansary, A.M., Damatty, A.A., Nassef, O.: A coupled finite element genetic algorithm for optimum design of stiffened liquid-filled steel conical tanks. Thin-Wall. Struct. 49, 482–493 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Sarma, K., Adeli, H.: Cost optimization of concrete structures. J. Struct. Eng. 124(5), 570–578 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Ahmadkhanlou, F., Adeli, H.: Optimum cost design of reinforced concrete slabs using neural dynamics model. Eng Appl Artif. Intell. 18, 65–72 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Kala, Z.: Stability problems of steel structures in the presence of stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty. Thin-Wall. Struct. 45, 861–865 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Timoshenko, S.P., Young, D.H.: Strength of Materials 4th Edition-Part II. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton (1962)Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    Billington, D.P.: Thin Shell Structures. McGraw-Hill, New York (1965)Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Selvadurai, A.P.S.: Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1979)Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Ghali, A.: Circular Storage Tanks and Soils. Spon Ltd., London (1979)Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Timoshenko, S.P., Woinowsky-Krieger, S.: Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (1984)Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Kelkar, V.S., Sewell, R.T.: Fundamentals of the Analysis and Design of Shell Structures. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1987)MATHGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Melerski, E.D.: Design Analysis of Beams, Circular Plates and Cylindrical Tanks on Elastic Foundations. Taylor & Francis Group, London (2000)MATHGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Ventsel, E., Krauthammer, T.: Thin Plates and Shells: Theory. Analysis and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Hetenyi, M.: Beams on Elastic Foundation. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1946)Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Holland, J.H.: Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1975)Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison Wesley, Boston (1989)MATHGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C., Vecchi, M.: Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220, 671–680 (1983)CrossRefMATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.C.: Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks No. IV, Perth Australia, November 27–December 1, pp. 1942–1948 (1995).Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., Colorni, A.: The ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybernet. 26, 29–41 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Nakrani, S., Tovey, C.: On honey bees and dynamic allocation in an internet server colony. Adapt. Behav. 12(3–4), 223–240 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Erol, O.K., Eksin, I.: A new optimization method: big bang big crunch. Adv. Eng. Softw. 37, 106–111 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Geem, Z.W., Kim, J.H., Loganathan, G.V.: A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search. Simulation 76, 60–68 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Lee, K.S., Geem, Z.W.: A new structural optimization method based on the harmony search algorithm. Comput. Struct. 82, 781–798 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Saka, M.P.: Optimum geometry design of geodesic domes using harmony search algorithm. Adv. Struct. Eng. 10(6), 595–606 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Degertekin, S.O.: Harmony search algorithm for optimum design of steel frame structures: a comparative study with other optimization methods. Struct. Eng. Mech. 29(4), 391–410 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Saka, M.P.: Optimum design of steel sway frames to BS5950 using harmony search algorithm. J. Constr. Steel Res. 65, 36–43 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Hasancebi, O.: Performance evaluation of metaheuristic search techniques in the optimum design of real size pin jointed structures. Comput. Struct. 87, 284–302 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Degertekin, S.O., Hayalioglu, M.S., Gorgun, H.: Optimum design of geometrically non-linear steel frames with semi-rigid connections using a harmony search algorithm. Steel Compos. Struct. 9(6), 535–555 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Erdal, F., Saka, M.P.: Harmony search based algorithm for the optimum design of grillage systems to LRFD-AISC. Struct. Multidiscip. O. 38, 25–41 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Hasancebi, O., Carbas, S., Dogan, E., Erdal, F., Saka, M.P.: Comparison of non-deterministic search techniques in the optimum design of real size steel frames. Comput. Struct. 88(17–18), 1033–1048 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Togan, V., Daloglu, A.T., Karadeniz, H.: Optimization of trusses under uncertainties with harmony search. Struct. Eng. Mech. 37(5), 543–560 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Erdal, F., Dogan, E., Saka, M.P.: Optimum design of cellular beams using harmony search and particle swarm optimizers. J. Constr. Steel Res. 67(2), 237–247 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Lee, J.-H., Yoon, Y.-S.: Modified harmony search algorithm and neural networks for concrete mix proportion design. ASCE Int. Workshop Comput. Civ. Eng. 23(1), 57–61 (2007)CrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Suh, Y., Mun, S., Yeo, I.: Fatigue life prediction of asphalt concrete pavement using a harmony search algorithm. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 14(5), 725–730 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Mun, S., Lee, S.: Identification of viscoelastic functions for hot-mix asphalt mixtures using a modified harmony search algorithm. J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 25(2), 139–148 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Geem, Z.W.: Harmony search optimisation to the pump-included water distribution network design. Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. 26(3), 211–221 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Baek, C.W., Jun, H.D., Kim, J.H.: Development of a PDA model for water distribution systems using harmony search algorithm. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 14(4), 613–625 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Geem, Z.W., Cho, Y.-H.: Optimal design of water distribution networks using parameter-setting-free harmony search for two major parameters. J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE 137(4), 377–380 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Geem, Z.W.: Parameter estimation of the nonlinear Muskingum model using parameter-setting-free harmony search. J. Hydrol. Eng. 16(8), 684–688 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Geem, Z.W.: Multiobjective optimization of time-cost trade-off using harmony search. J. Constr. Eng. M. ASCE 136(6), 711–716 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Gholizadeh, R., Amiri, G.G., Mohebi, B.: An alternative approach to a harmony search algorithm for a construction site layout problem. Can. J. Civ.l Eng. 37(12), 1560–1571 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Kaveh, A., Abadi, A., Shakouri, M.: Cost optimization of a composite floor system using an improved harmony search algorithm. J. Constr. Steel Res. 66(5), 664–669 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Bekdaş, G., Nigdeli, S.M.: Estimating optimum parameters of tuned mass dampers using harmony search. Eng. Struct. 33, 2716–2723 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Civil EngineeringIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Personalised recommendations