Connection, Action, and Hope: an Invitation to reclaim the “Spiritual” in Health Care
Abstract
The complex process of health has, until recently, been understood devoid of a spiritual component. The present article offers a model of health inclusive of spirituality with implications for the health communication field. Amending the assumptive non-relevance of spirituality to individual health, a growing body of scholarship in various disciplines recognizes the ways in which spirituality connects to overall wellness. As a whole, this literature equates spirituality with seeking, striving, and forward movement. Given the potential for health communication scholars to make significant contributions at the forefront of this research, this article proposes a dynamic model of health inclusive not only of the physical and mental, but of the spiritual as well. Recognizing its centrality to wellbeing, the model locates the spiritual self at the center. Specifically, the spiritual self is described as engaging action, hope, and connection to self, others, and/or the universe.
Keywords
Communication Connection Action Hope Spirituality Religion Recovery Healing Faith Complementary and alternative medicine Placebo Expectancy Prayer Religiosity Addiction Self-help Biomedical HolisticReferences
- Anderson, C. (2004). The delivery of health care in faith-based organizations: Parish nurses as promoters of health. Health Communication, 16(1), 117–128.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Arnold, R. M., Avants, S. K., Margolin, A., & Marcotte, D. (2002). Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 319–327.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Aveling, L., Grant, V., Lee, S., Sirajjakool, S.,Vendon, L., Gates, J., & Fox, C. (2003). Correlations between spirituality and compliance in individuals with diabetes: Abstract from the 63rd Scientific Sessions. Diabetes, 52, A569.Google Scholar
- Bessinger, D., & Kuhne, T. (2002). Medical spirituality: Defining domains and boundaries. Southern Medical Journal, 95, 1385–1426.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Braswell, M. E., & Wong, H. D. (1994). Perceptions of rehabilitation counselors regarding Native American healing practices. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 60, 33–38.Google Scholar
- Brome, D. R., Owens, M. D., Allen, K., & Vivaina, T. (2000). An examination of spirituality among African American women in recovery. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 470–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Corrigan, P., McCorkle, B., Schnell, B., & Kidder, K. (2003). Religion and spirituality in the lives of people with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 39, 487–499.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Daaleman, T., Cobb, A. K., & Frey, B. (2001). Spirituality and well being: An exploratory study of the patient perspective. Social Science and Medicine, 53, 1503–1511.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Doswell, W. M., Kouyate, M., & Taylor, J. (2003). The role of spirituality in preventing early sexual behavior. American Journal of Health Studies, 18, 195–203.Google Scholar
- du Pré A. (2005). Communicating about health: Current issues and perspectives. (2nd ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.Google Scholar
- Eastland, L. S., Herndon, S. L., & Barr, J. (Eds.). (1999). Communication in recovery: Perspectives on twelve-step groups. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.Google Scholar
- Eldemire-Shearer, D., & Morris, C. (2002). The family study: A useful gerontological tool. The Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 39, 241–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Expectation of belief eases pain. (2004). Ivanhoe Newswire, http://www.wtnh.com/global/story.Google Scholar
- Gehrke-White, D. (2004). Link between faith, health getting more attention. The Connecticut Post, pp. B1, B3.Google Scholar
- Gonzalez, M. C. (1994). An invitation to leap from a trinitarian ontology in health communication research to a spiritually inclusive quatrain. In S. Deetz (Ed.), Communication yearbook 17 (pp. 378–387). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- Harris, T., Parrott, R., & Dorgan, K. (2004). Talking about human genetics within religious frameworks. Health Communication, 16(1), 105–116.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heinrich, C. R. (2003). Enhancing the perceived health of HIV seropositive men. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 25, 367–383.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Herndon, S. L., & Eastland, L. S. (1999). Introduction. In L. S. Eastland, S. L. Herndon, & J. Barr (Eds.), Communication in recovery: Perspectives on twelve-step groups (pp. 1–12). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc.Google Scholar
- Hufford, D. J. (2003). Evaluating complementary and alternative medicine: The limits of science and of scientists. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 31, 198–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaiser, L. R. (2000). Spirituality and the physician executive. Physician Executive, 26, 6–14.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kalb, C. (2003). Faith and healing. Newsweek, CXLII, 44–56.Google Scholar
- Keeley, M. P. (2004). Final conversations: Survivors’ memorable messages concerning religious faith and spirituality. Health Communication, 16(1), 87–104.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lange, B. K. (1988). Ethnographic interview: An occupational therapy needs assessment tool for American Indian and Alaska Native alcoholics. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 8(2), 61–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. B. (2003). Spirituality’s potential relevance to physical and emotional health: A brief review of quantitative research. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 31, 37–52.Google Scholar
- Magura, S., Knight, E. L., Vogel, H. S., Mahmood, D., Laudet, A. B., & Rosenblum, A. (2003). Mediators of effectiveness in dual-focus self-help groups. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29, 301–323.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Maimes, S. (2002). Spirituality and healing in medicine. Healthcare Review, 15, 7.Google Scholar
- McClain, C. S., Rosenfeld, B., & Breitbart, W. (2003). Effect of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally-ill cancer patients. The Lancet, 361, 1603–1607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McGee, M., Nagel, L., & Moore, M. (2003). A study of university classroom strategies aimed at increasing spiritual health. College Student Journal, 37, 583–594.Google Scholar
- Michal-Johnson, P. & Pileggi, M. (2001). In search of body/mind/spirit: Situating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for health communication. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association, Washington DC.Google Scholar
- Mitroff, I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40(4), 83–92.Google Scholar
- Office of the President of the United States. (2000). White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Executive Order 13147.Google Scholar
- Pardini, D., Plante, T., Sherman, A., & Stump, J. (2000). Religious faith and spirituality in substance abuse recovery: Determining the mental health benefits. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19(4), 347–354.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Parrott, R. (Ed.) (2004a). Religious faith, spirituality, and health communication (Special Issue). Health Communication, 16(1), 1–130.Google Scholar
- Parrott, R. (2004b). “Collective amnesia”: The absence of religious faith and spirituality in health communication research and practice. Health Communication, 16, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 67(1), 4–14.Google Scholar
- Religion—Sending prayers: Does it help? (2002). Harvard Health Letter, 27, p. NA.Google Scholar
- Robinson, J. D., & Nussbaum, J. F. (2004). Grounding research and medical education about religion in actual physician–patient interaction: Church attendance, social support, and older adults. Health Communication, 16(1), 63–86.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sass, J. S. (2000). Characterizing organizational spirituality: An organizational communication culture approach. Communication Studies, 51(3), 195–217.Google Scholar
- Seeman, T. E., Dubin, L. F., & Seeman, M. (2003).Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways. The American Psychologist, 58, 53–64.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sharts-Hopko, N. C. (2003). Spirituality and health care. In J. T. Catalano (Ed.), Nursing now: Today’s issues, tomorrow’s trends (2nd. ed., pp. 347–371). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.Google Scholar
- Soweid, R. A. A., Khawaja, M., & Salem, M. T. (2004). Religious identity and smoking behavior among adolescents: Evidence from entering students at the American University of Beirut. Health Communication, 16(1), 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Spirituality and health. (2001). American Family Physician, 63, 89.Google Scholar
- Stephenson, G. W. (1983). Of Aesculapius and the medicine man: Some comments on the College seal. Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons, 68(10), 26–27.Google Scholar
- Townsend, M., Kladder, V., Ayele, H., & Mulligan, T. (2002). Systematic review of clinical trials examining the effects of religion on health. Southern Medical Journal, 95, 1429–1435.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Udermann, B. (2000). The effect of spirituality on health and healing: A critical review for athletic trainers. Journal of Athletic Training, 35, 194.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Vernarec, E. (2002). Why do patients turn to CAM? (Complementary therapies update). RN, 65, 25.Google Scholar
- Wager, T. D., Rilling, J. K., Smith, E. E., Sokolik, A., Casey, K. L., Davidson, R. J., et al. (2004). Placebo-induced changes in fMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain. Science, 303, 1162–1167.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy (2002). Executive summary. Retrieved November 14, 2005, from http://www.whccamp.hhs.gov/es.html.Google Scholar
- Wirth, D. (1995). The significance of belief and expectancy within the spiritual healing encounter. Social Science and Medicine, 41, 249–260.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Zook E. G. (1994). Embodied health and constitutive communication: Toward an authentic conceptualization of health communication. In S. Deetz (Ed.), Communication yearbook 17 (pp. 374–377). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar