A new fourteenth algebraic order finite difference method for the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation
Abstract
In the present paper we will develop and analyse a new five-stages symmetric two-step method of high algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third, fourth and fifth derivatives. We will construct the new method. We will compute its local local truncation error (LTE). We will produce the asymptotic form of the LTE applying the new method to the radial time independent Schrödinger equation and we will compare it with other asymptotic forms of LTE of similar methods. Applying the new method to a scalar test equation with frequency different than the frequency of the scalar test equation used for the phase-lag analysis, we will investigate the stability and the interval of periodicity of the new method based and we will compare the produced interval of periodicity with other intervals of similar methods. Finally, we will examine the effectiveness of the new method applying it to the coupled Schrödinger equations.
Keywords
Phase-lag Derivative of the phase-lag Initial value problems Oscillating solution Symmetric Hybrid Multistep Hybrid Schrödinger equationMathematics Subject Classification
65L05Notes
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest
Supplementary material
References
- 1.Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, A parametric symmetric linear four-step method for the efficient integration of the Schrödinger equation and related oscillatory problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 236, 3880–3889 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.A.D. Raptis, T.E. Simos, A four-step phase-fitted method for the numerical integration of second order initial-value problem. BIT 31, 160–168 (1991)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.D.G. Quinlan, S. Tremaine, Symmetric multistep methods for the numerical integration of planetary orbits. Astron. J. 100(5), 1694–1700 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.J.M. Franco, M. Palacios, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 30, 1 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.J.D. Lambert, Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems, the Initial Value Problem (Wiley, New York, 1991)Google Scholar
- 6.E. Stiefel, D.G. Bettis, Stabilization of Cowell’s method. Numer. Math. 13, 154–175 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.G.A. Panopoulos, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Two new optimized eight-step symmetric methods for the efficient solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 60(3), 773–785 (2008)Google Scholar
- 8.G.A. Panopoulos, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Two optimized symmetric eight-step implicit methods for initial-value problems with oscillating solutions. J. Math. Chem. 46(2), 604–620 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.
- 10.T.E. Simos, P.S. Williams, Bessel and Neumann fitted methods for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. Comput. Chem. 21, 175–179 (1977)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.T.E. Simos, J. Vigo-Aguiar, A dissipative exponentially-fitted method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. Comput. Phys. Commun. 152, 274–294 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.T.E. Simos, G. Psihoyios, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 137–147 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.T. Lyche, Chebyshevian multistep methods for ordinary differential equations. Numer. Math. 19, 65–75 (1972)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.T.E. Simos, P.S. Williams, A finite-difference method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 79, 189–205 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.R.M. Thomas, Phase properties of high order almost P-stable formulae. BIT 24, 225–238 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.J.D. Lambert, I.A. Watson, Symmetric multistep methods for periodic initial values problems. J. Inst. Math. Appl. 18, 189–202 (1976)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.A. Konguetsof, T.E. Simos, A generator of hybrid symmetric four-step methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 93–106 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Z. Kalogiratou, T. Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, Symplectic integrators for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 83–92 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Newton–Cotes formulae for long-time integration. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 58(1), 75–82 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.G. Psihoyios, T.E. Simos, Trigonometrically fitted predictor–corrector methods for IVPs with oscillating solutions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 158(1), 135–144 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.T.E. Simos, I.T. Famelis, C. Tsitouras, Zero dissipative, explicit Numerov-type methods for second order IVPs with oscillating solutions. Numer. Algorithms 34(1), 27–40 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.T.E. Simos, Dissipative trigonometrically-fitted methods for linear second-order IVPs with oscillating solution. Appl. Math. Lett. 17(5), 601–607 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.K. Tselios, T.E. Simos, Runge–Kutta methods with minimal dispersion and dissipation for problems arising from computational acoustics. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 173–181 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.D.P. Sakas, T.E. Simos, Multiderivative methods of eighth algrebraic order with minimal phase-lag for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 161–172 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.G. Psihoyios, T.E. Simos, A fourth algebraic order trigonometrically fitted predictor-corrector scheme for IVPs with oscillating solutions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 137–147 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, An optimized Runge–Kutta method for the solution of orbital problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 175(1), 1–9 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.T.E. Simos, Closed Newton–Cotes trigonometrically-fitted formulae of high order for long-time integration of orbital problems. Appl. Math. Lett. 22(10), 1616–1621 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.S. Stavroyiannis, T.E. Simos, Optimization as a function of the phase-lag order of nonlinear explicit two-step P-stable method for linear periodic IVPs. Appl. Numer. Math. 59(10), 2467–2474 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.T.E. Simos, Exponentially and trigonometrically fitted methods for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Acta Appl. Math. 110(3), 1331–1352 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.T.E. Simos, New stable closed Newton-Cotes trigonometrically fitted formulae for long-time integration. Abstr. Appl. Anal. (2012). doi: 10.1155/2012/182536 Google Scholar
- 31.T.E. Simos, Optimizing a hybrid two-step method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems with respect to phase-lag. J. Appl. Math. (2012). doi: 10.1155/2012/420387 Google Scholar
- 32.Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, A parametric symmetric linear four-step method for the efficient integration of the Schrödinger equation and related oscillatory problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 236, 3880–3889 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A high algebraic order multistage explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third, fourth and fifth derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(8), 1915–1942 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, Efficient low computational cost hybrid explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(8), 1808–1834 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A high algebraic order predictorcorrector explicit method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. J. Math. Chem. 53(7), 1495–1522 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 36.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A family of explicit linear six-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative. J. Math. Chem. 52(8), 2087–2118 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.T.E. Simos, An explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives. J. Math. Chem. 52(3), 833–855 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A Runge–Kutta type four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives for each level for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 52(3), 917–947 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 39.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A predictor–corrector explicit four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(2), 685–717 (2015)Google Scholar
- 40.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A hybrid type four-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives for each level for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 52(9), 2334–2379 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 41.G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, A new optimized symmetric 8-step semi-embedded predictor–corrector method for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related orbital problems. J. Math. Chem. 51(7), 1914–1937 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 42.T.E. Simos, New high order multiderivative explicit four-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. Construction and theoretical analysis. J. Math. Chem. 51(1), 194–226 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.T.E. Simos, High order closed Newton–Cotes exponentially and trigonometrically fitted formulae as multilayer symplectic integrators and their application to the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 50(5), 1224–1261 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 44.D.F. Papadopoulos, T.E. Simos, A modified Runge–Kutta–Nyström method by using phase lag properties for the numerical solution of orbital problems. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(2), 433–437 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 45.Th Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Exponentially fitted symplectic Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(1), 81–85 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 46.G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, An optimized symmetric 8-step semi-embedded predictor–corrector method for IVPs with oscillating solutions. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 7(1), 73–80 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 47.D.F. Papadopoulos, T.E Simos, The use of phase lag and amplification error derivatives for the construction of a modified Runge–Kutta–Nyström method. Abstr. Appl. Anal. Article Number: 910624 (2013)Google Scholar
- 48.I. Alolyan, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, A new family of symmetric linear four-step methods for the efficient integration of the Schrödinger equation and related oscillatory problems. Appl. Math. Comput. 218(9), 5370–5382 (2012)Google Scholar
- 49.I. Alolyan, T.E. Simos, A family of high-order multistep methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 62(10), 3756–3774 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 50.Ch. Tsitouras, I.Th Famelis, T.E. Simos, On modified Runge–Kutta trees and methods. Comput. Math. Appl. 62(4), 2101–2111 (2011)Google Scholar
- 51.A.A. Kosti, Z.A. Anastassi, T.E. Simos, Construction of an optimized explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström method for the numerical solution of oscillatory initial value problems. Comput. Math. Appl. 61(11), 3381–3390 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 52.Z. Kalogiratou, Th Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, New modified Runge–Kutta–Nystrom methods for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 60(6), 1639–1647 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 53.Th Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, A family of trigonometrically fitted partitioned Runge–Kutta symplectic methods. Appl. Math. Comput. 209(1), 91–96 (2009)Google Scholar
- 54.T. Monovasilis, Z. Kalogiratou, T.E. Simos, Construction of exponentially fitted symplectic Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods from partitioned Runge–Kutta methods. Mediterr. J. Math. 13(4), 2271–2285 (2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 55.T.E. Simos, Multistage symmetric two-step P-stable method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second and third derivatives. Appl. Comput. Math. 14(3), 296–315 (2015)Google Scholar
- 56.Z. Kalogiratou, Th. Monovasilis, H. Ramos, T.E. Simos, A new approach on the construction of trigonometrically fitted two step hybrid methods. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 303, 146–155 (2016)Google Scholar
- 57.H. Ramos, Z. Kalogiratou, T. Monovasilis, T.E. Simos, An optimized two-step hybrid block method for solving general second order initial-value problems. Numer. Algorithms 72, 1089–1102 (2016)Google Scholar
- 58.T.E. Simos, High order closed Newton–Cotes trigonometrically-fitted formulae for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Appl. Math. Comput. 209(1), 137–151 (2009)Google Scholar
- 59.A. Konguetsof, T.E. Simos, An exponentially-fitted and trigonometrically-fitted method for the numerical solution of periodic initial-value problems. Comput. Math. Appl. 45(1–3), 547–554 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 60.T.E. Simos, On the explicit four-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 8(2), 447–458 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 61.G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, A new optimized symmetric embedded predictor–corrector method (EPCM) for initial-value problems with oscillatory solutions. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 8(2), 703–713 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 62.G.A. Panopoulos, T.E. Simos, An eight-step semi-embedded predictorcorrector method for orbital problems and related IVPs with oscillatory solutions for which the frequency is unknown. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 290, 1–15 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 63.F. Hui, T.E. Simos, A new family of two stage symmetric two-step methods with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53(10), 2191–2213 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 64.L.G. Ixaru, M. Rizea, Comparison of some four-step methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 38(3), 329–337 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 65.L.G. Ixaru, M. Micu, Topics in Theoretical Physics, Central Institute of Physics (Central Institute of Physics, Bucharest, 1978)Google Scholar
- 66.L.G. Ixaru, M. Rizea, A Numerov-like scheme for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation in the deep continuum spectrum of energies. Comput. Phys. Commun. 19, 23–27 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 67.J.R. Dormand, M.E.A. El-Mikkawy, P.J. Prince, Families of Runge–Kutta–Nyström formulae. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 7, 235–250 (1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 68.J.R. Dormand, P.J. Prince, A family of embedded Runge–Kutta formulae. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 6, 19–26 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 69.G.D. Quinlan, S. Tremaine, Symmetric multistep methods for the numerical integration of planetary orbits. Astron. J. 100, 1694–1700 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 70.A.D. Raptis, A.C. Allison, Exponential-fitting methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 14, 1–5 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 71.M.M. Chawla, P.S. Rao, An Noumerov-typ method with minimal phase-lag for the integration of second order periodic initial-value problems II explicit method. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 15, 329–337 (1986)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 72.M.M. Chawla, P.S. Rao, An explicit sixth-order method with phase-lag of order eight for \(y^{\prime \prime }=f(t, y)\). J. Comput. Appl. Math. 17, 363–368 (1987)Google Scholar
- 73.T.E. Simos, A new Numerov-type method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 46, 981–1007 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 74.A. Konguetsof, Two-step high order hybrid explicit method for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 48, 224252 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 75.A.D. Raptis, J.R. Cash, A variable step method for the numerical integration of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Comput. Phys. Commun. 36, 113–119 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 76.A.C. Allison, The numerical solution of coupled differential equations arising from the Schrödinger equation. J. Comput. Phys. 6, 378–391 (1970)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 77.R.B. Bernstein, A. Dalgarno, H. Massey, I.C. Percival, Thermal scattering of atoms by homonuclear diatomic molecules. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. A 274, 427–442 (1963)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 78.R.B. Bernstein, Quantum mechanical (phase shift) analysis of differential elastic scattering of molecular beams. J. Chem. Phys. 33, 795–804 (1960)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 79.T.E. Simos, Exponentially fitted Runge–Kutta methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. Comput. Mater. Sci. 18, 315–332 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 80.J.R. Dormand, P.J. Prince, A family of embedded Runge–Kutta formula. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 6, 19–26 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 81.K. Mu, T.E. Simos, A Runge–Kutta type implicit high algebraic order two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of coupled differential equations arising from the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 53, 1239–1256 (2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 82.M. Liang, T.E. Simos, A new four stages symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative for the numerical integration of the Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 54(5), 1187–1211 (2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 83.X. Xi, T.E. Simos, A new high algebraic order four stages symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation and related problems. J. Math. Chem. 54(7), 1417–1439 (2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 84.F. Hui, T.E. Simos, Hybrid high algebraic order two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first and second derivatives. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 73, 619–648 (2015)Google Scholar
- 85.Z. Zhou, T.E. Simos, A new two stage symmetric two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives for the numerical solution of the radial Schrödinger equation. J. Math. Chem. 54, 442–465 (2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 86.F. Hui, T.E. Simos, Four stages symmetric two-step p-stable method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives. Appl. Comput. Math. 15(2), 220–238 (2016)Google Scholar
- 87.L. Zhang, T.E. Simos, An efficient numerical method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Adv. Math. Phys. (in press)Google Scholar
- 88.M. Dong, T.E. Simos, A new high algebraic order efficient finite difference method for the solution of the Schrödinger equation. Filomat (to appear)Google Scholar
- 89.R. Lin, T.E. Simos, A two-step method with vanished phase-lag and its derivatives for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Open Phys. (to appear)Google Scholar