Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Professional Help-Seeking for Gambling Problems: Awareness, Barriers and Motivators for Treatment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Gambling Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Despite the negative consequences associated with gambling, few problem gamblers seek professional help. This study aimed to examine awareness of professional sources of help and help-seeking behaviour amongst regular and problem gamblers. Australian gamblers (N = 730) were recruited from the general population, multicultural gambling venues, and gambling helplines and treatment services. Surveys measured awareness of professional help services, help-seeking behaviour and motivators and barriers to seeking help. Gamblers demonstrated low awareness of professional help services. Problem gamblers born in Australia or who were divorced were more likely to seek help. Problem gamblers who were reluctant to seek help due to a desire solve the problem on their own and feeling ashamed for themselves or their family pride were more likely to have overcome these barriers to seek help. However, significant barriers related to denial of problem severity and concerns about the ability to access low cost services that cater for multicultural populations predicted a lower likelihood of having sought help. Public education should aim to de-mystify the treatment process and educate gamblers about symptoms of problem gambling to reduce shame, stigma, and denial and encourage help-seeking. Ongoing education and promotion of help services is required to increase awareness of the resources available, including targeted promotions to increase awareness of relevant services among specific populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Due to potential multicollinearity problems, we did not use all potential variables, however, we made several estimations to achieve the appropriate models in Tables 5 and 6.

References

  • Abbott, M. W. (2001). Problem and non-problem gambling in New Zealand: A report on phase two of the 1999 national prevalence survey. Wellington: Department of Internal Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaszczynski, A., Huynh, S., Dumlao, V. J., & Farrell, E. (1998). Problem gambling within a Chinese speaking community. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14, 359–380.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlbring, P., & Smit, F. (2008). Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 1090–1094.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, D., Abbott, M., Tse, S., Townsend, S., Kingi, P., & Manaia, W. (2006). Gender, age, ethnic and occupational associations with pathological gambling in a New Zealand urban sample. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35, 84–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, T., & Rodgers, B. (2010). 2009 Survey of the nature and extent of gambling, and problem gambling, in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra: Australian National University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2004). Gambling problems in youth: Theoretical and applied perspectives. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhillon, J., Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2011). Cultural influences on stigmatization of problem gambling: East Asian and Caucasian Canadians. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 633–647.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, L., & Delfabbro, P. (2005). Motivators for change and barriers to help-seeking in Australian problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 21, 133–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, J., & Wynne, H. (2001). The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fong, D., Fong, H. N., & Li, S. Z. (2011). The social cost of gambling in Macao: Before and after the liberalisation of the gaming industry. International Gambling Studies, 11, 43–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011a). A systematic review of Internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 490–498.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011b). Online self-guided interventions for the treatment of problem gambling. International Gambling Studies, 11, 289–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gooding, P., & Tarrier, N. (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce problem gambling: Hedging our bets? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 592–607.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardoon, K., Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2003). Empirical vs. perceived measures of gambling severity: Why adolescents don’t present themselves for treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 933–946.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, D. C., Currie, S. R., Currie, G., & Flick, G. H. (2009). Randomized trial of brief motivational treatments for pathological gamblers: More is not necessarily better. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 950–960.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, D., & el-Guebaly, N. (2000). Natural and treatment-assisted recovery from gambling problems: A comparison of resolved and active gamblers. Addiction, 95, 777–789.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, D. C., Makarchuk, K., el-Guebaly, N., & Peden, N. (2002). Why problem gamblers quit gambling: A comparison of methods and samples. Addiction, Research & Theory., 10, 203–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins, D. C., Stea, J. N., & Grant, J. E. (2011). Gambling disorders. The Lancet, 378, 1874–1884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holtgraves, T. (2009). Evaluating the problem gambling severity index. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 105–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ledgerwood, D. M., Arfken, C. L., Wiedemann, B. S., Bates, K. E., Holmes, D., & Jones, L. (2013). Who goes to treatment? Predictors of treatment initiation among gambling help-line callers. The American Journal on Addictions, 22, 33–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, J. M. Y., Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2008). Gambling among the Chinese: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(7), 1152–1166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marotta, J. J. (2000). Recovery from gambling problems with and without treatment. Paper presented at the 11th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, Las Vegas, NV.

  • McMillen, J., Marshall, D., Murphy, L., Lorenzen, S., & Waugh, B. (2004). Help seeking by problem gamblers, friends and families: A focus on gender and cultural groups. Canberra: Centre for Gambling Research, Regnet, Australian National University.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillen, J., & Wenzel, M. (2006). Measuring problem gambling: Assessment of three prevalence screens. International Gambling Studies, 6, 147–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports. (2008). Report of survey of participation in gambling activities among Singapore residents. Singapore: Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Mechanic, D. (2002). Perceived need and help-seeking in adults with mood, anxiety, or substance use disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(1), 77–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, S., & Wood, R. T. A. (2010). Internet-based interventions for youth dealing with gambling problems. International Journal of Adolescent Health and Medicine, 22(1), 113–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orford, J., Wardle, H., Griffiths, M., Sproston, K., & Erens, B. (2010). PGSI and DSM-IV in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability, item response, factor structure and inter-scale agreement. International Gambling Studies, 10, 31–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallesen, S., Mitsem, M., Kvale, G., Johnsen, B. H., & Molde, H. (2005). Outcome of psychological treatments of pathological gambling: A review and meta- analysis. Addiction, 100, 1412–1422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petry, N. M., Weinstock, J., Ledgerwood, D., & Morasco, B. (2008). A randomized trial of brief interventions for problem and pathological gamblers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 318–328.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Productivity Commission. (2010). Gambling, Report no. 50, Canberra.

  • Pulford, J., Bellringer, M., Abbott, M., Clarke, D., Hodgins, D., & Williams, J. (2009). Reasons for seeking help for a gambling problem: The experiences of gamblers who have sought specialist assistance and the perceptions of those who have not. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 19–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1087–1114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raylu, N., Oei, T. P. S., & Loo, J. (2008). The current status and future direction of self-help treatments for problem gamblers. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(8), 1372–1385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scull, S., & Woolcock, G. (2005). Problem gambling in non-English speaking background communities in Queensland, Australia: A qualitative exploration. International Gambling Studies, 5, 29–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, M., Golbebiowska, K., & Morrison, P. (2010). Correlates of reported gambling problems in the CALD population of Australia. Melbourne: Office of Gaming & Racing, Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suurvali, H., Cordingley, J., Hodgins, D. C., & Cunningham, J. (2009). Barriers to seeking help for gambling problems: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25, 407–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suurvali, H., Hodgins, D., Toneatto, T., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Treatment seeking among Ontario problem gamblers: Results of a population survey. Psychiatric Services, 59, 1343–1346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suurvali, H., Hodgins, D., Toneatto, T., & Cunningham, J. (2012). Motivators for seeking gambling-related treatment among Ontario problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 28, 273–296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tavares, H., Martins, S. S., Zilberman, M. L., & el-Guebaly, N. (2002). Gamblers seeking treatment: Why haven’t they come earlier? Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 1, 65–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toneatto, T., & Ladoceur, R. (2003). Treatment of pathological gambling: A critical review of the literature. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 284–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wardle, H., Moody, A., Spence, S., Orford, J., Volberg, R., Jotangia, D., et al. (2011). British gambling prevalence survey 2010. London: National Centre for Social Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Tidwell, M.-C. O., & Hoffman, J. H. (2008). The prevalence of problem gambling among U.S. adolescents and young adults: Results from a national survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 119–133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wooksoo, K. (2012). Acculturation and gambling in Asian Americans: When culture meets availability. International Gambling Studies, 12, 69–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their thanks and acknowledge the support of Gambling Research Australia, who provided funding for the research described in this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sally Gainsbury.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gainsbury, S., Hing, N. & Suhonen, N. Professional Help-Seeking for Gambling Problems: Awareness, Barriers and Motivators for Treatment. J Gambl Stud 30, 503–519 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9373-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9373-x

Keywords

Navigation