Corrosion behavior of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder under high-temperature and high-humidity condition
Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the corrosion behavior of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloy under high-temperature and high-humidity condition. The corrosion of SAC305 alloy was attributed to the oxidation of Sn, which formed SnO2 and SnO, and SnO2 existed on the outer layer of the oxide film. After a period exposure, a stable and dense protective oxide film formed on the specimen surfaces, and the specimen which exposed at 75 °C had the thickset oxide film.
Keywords
SnO2 Solder Joint Solder Alloy SAC305 Solder Relative Humidity Condition
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Notes
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support of this study from Nature Science Foundation 51025104, and the State Key Lab of Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang.
References
- 1.C.F. Han, Q. Liu, D.G. Ivey, Electrochemical composite deposition of Sn–Ag–Cu alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 164, 172–179 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.N. Bai, X. Chen, A new unified constitutive model with short- and longrange back stress for lead-free solders of Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu and Sn–0.7Cu. Int. J. Plast 25, 2181–2203 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.C. Andersson, J. Liu, Effect of corrosion on the low cycle fatigue behavior of Sn–4.0Ag–0.5Cu lead-free solder joints. Int. J. Fatigue 30, 917–930 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.C.Y. Lin, J.H. Chou, Y.G. Lee, U.S. Mohanty, Preparation of Sn–3.5Ag nano-solder by supernatant process. J. Alloy. Compd. 470, 328–331 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.J.S. Janne, T.N. Sami, K.L. Toivo, O.R. Eero, Mechanical and microstructural properties of SnAgCu solder joints. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 420, 55–62 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.K. Kanlayasiri, T. Ariga, Influence of thermal aging on microhardness and microstructure of Sn–0.3Ag–0.7Cu–xIn lead-free solders. J. Alloy. Compd. 504, L5–L9 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.S. Nurmi, J. Sundelin, E. Ristolainen, T. Lepisto, The effect of solder paste composition on the reliability of SnAgCu joints. Microelectron. Reliab. 44, 485–494 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.L.L. Gao, S.B. Xue, L. Zhang, Z. Sheng, F. Ji, W. Dai, S.L. Yu, G. Zeng, Effect of alloying elements on properties and microstructures of SnAgCu solders. Microelectron. Eng. 87, 2025–2034 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.D. Herkommer, J. Punch, M. Reid, A reliability model for SAC solder covering isothermal mechanical cycling and thermal cycling conditions. Microelectron. Reliab. 50, 116–126 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.F.J. Cheng, F. Gao, H. Nishikawa, T. Takemoto, Interaction behavior between the additives and Sn in Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu-based solder alloys and the relevant joint solderability. J. Alloy. Compd. 472, 530–534 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Y.L. Gao, E. Zhuravlev, C.D. Zou, B. Yang, Q.J. Zhai, C. Schick, Calorimetric measurements of undercooling in single micron sized SnAgCu particles in a wide range of cooling rates. Thermochim. Acta 482, 1–7 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.M. Abtew, G. Selvaduray, Lead-free solders in microelectronics. Mater. Sci. Eng. R 27, 95–141 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.D. Rocak, S. Macek, J. Sitek, M. Hrovat, K. Bukat, Z. Drozd, A reliability study of the lead-free solder connections of miniature chip components on hybrid circuits. Microelectron. Reliab. 47, 986–995 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.D.Z. Li, P.P. Conway, C.Q. Liu, Corrosion characterization of tin–lead and lead free solders in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Corros. Sci. 50, 995–1004 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.F. Song, S.W.R. Lee, Corrosion of Sn–Ag–Cu lead-free solders and the corresponding effects on board level solder joint reliability, in Proceedings of the IEEE, Electronic Components and Technology Conference, 2006, pp. 891–897Google Scholar
- 16.U.S. Mohanty, K.L. Lin, Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Pb-free Sn-8.5Zn-0.05Al-XGa and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu alloys in chloride containing aqueous solution. Corros. Sci. 50, 2437–2443 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.F. Rosalbino, E. Angelini, G. Zanicchi, R. Carlini, R. Marazza, Electrochemical corrosion study of Sn–3Ag–3Cu solder alloy in NaCl solution. Electrochim. Acta 54, 7231–7325 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.U.S. Mohanty, K.L. Lin, Effect of Al on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Pb free Sn-8.5 Zn-0.5 Ag-XAl-0.5 Ga solder in 3.5% NaCl solution. Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 5907–5916 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.U.S. Mohanty, K.L. Lin, Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of lead-free Sn-8.5 Zn-XAg-0.1 Al-0.5 Ga solder in 3.5% NaCl solution. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 406, 34–42 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.M.N. Wang, J.Q. Wang, H. Feng, W. Ke, In-situ observation of fracture behavior of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu lead-free solder during three-point bending tests in ESEM. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 558, 649–655 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.M.N. Wang, J.Q. Wang, H. Feng, W. Ke, Effects of microstructure and temperature on corrosion behavior of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu lead-free solder. J Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 23, 148–155 (2012)Google Scholar
- 22.M.N. Wang, J.Q. Wang, H. Feng, W. Ke, Effect of Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds on corrosion of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder under high-temperature and high-humidity condition. Corros. Sci. 63, 20–28 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.F.Y. Hung, H.M. Lin, P.S. Chen, T.S. Lui, L.H. Chen, A study of the thin film on the surface of Sn–3.5Ag/Sn–3.5Ag–2.0Cu lead-free alloy. J. Alloy. Compd. 415, 85–92 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.S.S. Zhang, Y.J. Zhang, H.W. Wang, Effect of oxide thickness of solder powders on the coalescence of SnAgCu lead-free solder pastes. J. Alloy. Compd. 487, 682–686 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.T. Sasaki, R. Kanagawa, T. Ohtsuka, K. Miura, Corrosion products of tin in humid air containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide at room temperature. Corros. Sci. 45, 847–854 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.L. Bian, Y.J. Weng, X.Y. Li, Observation of micro-droplets on metal surface in early atmospheric corrosion. Electrochem. Commun. 7, 1033–1038 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.H. Chang, H.T. Chen, M.Y. Li, L. Wang, Y.G. Fu, Generation of Tin(II) oxide crystals on lead-free solder joints in deionized water. J. Electron. Mater. 38, 2712–2717 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Q.V. Bui, N.D. Nam, B.-I. Noh, A. Kar, J.-G. Kim, S.-B. Jung, Effect of Ag addition on the corrosion properties of Sn-based solder alloys. Mater. Corros. 61, 30–33 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.M.A. Dudek, N. Chawla, Oxidation behavior of rare-earth-containing Pb-free solders. J. Electron. Mater. 38, 210–220 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.C.A. Gervasi, P.E. Alvarez, M.V. Fiori Bimbi, M.E. Folquer, Comparative cyclic voltammetry and SEM analysis of tin electrodes in citrate buffer solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem. 601, 194–204 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014