Journal of Materials Science

, Volume 53, Issue 6, pp 4103–4117 | Cite as

Fabrication and characterization of thermo-responsive GO nanosheets with controllable grafting of poly(hexadecyl acrylate) chains

  • Cao Ruirui
  • Chen Sai
  • Liu Huanbing
  • Liu Haihui
  • Zhang Xingxiang
Chemical routes to materials
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
  • 296 Downloads

Abstract

A series of novel poly(hexadecyl acrylate)-grafted-graphene oxides (PHDA-g-GOs) were fabricated as thermo-responsive GO nanosheets via diazonium addition and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Various spectroscopic and microscopic evidences confirm the successful fabrication of the thermo-responsive GO nanosheets. The thermo-responsive property and thermal stability of the PHDA-g-GOs were determined by DSC and TGA. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the ability to systematically tune the chain length of polymer molecules covalently bonded to GO nanosheets by SI-ATRP. Comparing the thermo-responsive GO samples, the ∆H m and ∆H c increased as the molar ratio of monomer to initiator increased. Moreover, the T mo, T co, ∆H m and ∆H c values of the PHDA-g-GO3 (with a molar ratio of monomer to initiator as 1000:1) are 31.2, 31.4 °C, 79 and 76 J/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermo-responsive GO nanosheets have good thermal stability and shape stability. Therefore, the thermo-responsive GO nanosheet is a very promising functional material and can be used in more areas, such as the fabrication of temperature-sensitive drugs, reagents, fibers and textiles, solar energy storage and temperature sensor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the New Materials Research Key Program of Tianjin (No. 16ZXCLGX00090), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0303000) and State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes.

Supplementary material

10853_2017_1864_MOESM1_ESM.docx (462 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 461 kb)

References

  1. 1.
    Liu HH, Hou LC, Peng WW, Zhang Q, Zhang XX (2012) Fabrication and characterization of polyamide 6-functionalized graphene nanocomposite fiber. J Mater Sci 47:8052–8060.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6695-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Lee SH, Dreyer DR, An JH, Velamakanni A, Piner RD, Park SJ, Zhu YW, Kim SO, Bielawski CW, Ruoff RS (2010) Polymer brushes via controlled, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from graphene oxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 31:281–288CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Zhang Y, Tan YW, Stormer HL, Kim P (2005) Experimental observation of the quantum hall effect and berry’s phase in graphene. Nature 438:201–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Huang ZM, Liu XY, Wu WG, Li YQ, Wang H (2017) Highly elastic and conductive graphene/carboxymethylcellulose aerogels for flexible strain-sensing materials. J Mater Sci 52:12540–12552.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1374-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Tong J, Huang HX, Wu M (2016) Facile green fabrication of well dispersed poly(vinylidene fluoride)/graphene oxide nanocomposites with improved properties. Compos Sci Technol 129:183–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov S, Jiang D, Dubonos SA, Grigorieva I, Firsov A (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Wan Q, Mao LC, Liu MY, Wang K, Zeng GJ, Xu DZ, Huang HY, Zhang XY, Wei Y (2015) Towards development of a versatile and efficient strategy for fabrication of GO based polymer nanocomposites. Polym Chem 6:7211–7218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Katsnelson MI, Grigorieva IV, Dubonos SV, Firsov AA (2005) Two-dimensional gas of massless dirac fermions in graphene. Nature 438:197–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu YW, An JH, Ruoff RS (2008) Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett 8:3498–3502CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Bitounis D, Ali-Boucetta H, Hong BH, Min DH, Kostarelos K (2013) Prospects and challenges of graphene in biomedical applications. Adv Mater 25:2258–2268CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Yang K, Zhang S, Zhang GX, Sun XM, Lee S-T, Liu Z (2010) Graphene in mice: ultrahigh in vivo tumor uptake and efficient photothermal therapy. Nano Lett 10:3318–3323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Kundu A, Nandi S, Das P, Nandi AK (2015) Fluorescent graphene oxide via polymer grafting: an efficient nanocarrier for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:3512–3523CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Shi YG, Liu MY, Wang K, Deng FJ, Wan Q, Huang Q, Fu LH, Zhang XY, Wei Y (2015) Bioinspired preparation of thermo-responsive graphene oxide nanocomposites in aqueous solution. Polym Chem 32:5876–5883CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Lee DY, Yoon SY, Oh YJ, Park SY, In I (2011) Thermo-responsive assembly of chemically reduced graphene and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Chem Phys 212:336–341Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Deng Y, Zhang JZ, Li YJ, Hu JH, Yang D, Huang XY (2012) Thermoresponsive graphene oxide-PNIPAM nanocomposites with controllable grafting polymer chains via moderate in situ SET-LRP. Polym Chem 50:4451–4458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Alzari V, Nuvoli D, Scognamillo S, Poccinini M, Gioffredi E, Malucelli G, Marceddu S, Sechi M, Sanna V, Mariani A (2011) Graphene-containing thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) prepared by frontal polymerization. J Mater Chem 21:8727–8733CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Wang L, Jiang L, Su D, Sun C, Chen MF, Goh K, Chen Y (2014) Non-covalent synthesis of thermo-responsive graphene oxide-perylene bisinides-containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hybrid for organic pigment removal. J Colloid Interface Sci 430:121–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Bak JM, Lee T, Seo EY, Lee Y, Jeong HM, Kim BS, Lee H (2012) Thermoresponsive graphene nanosheets by functionalization with polymer brushes. Polymer 53:316–323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Nikdel M, Salami-Kalajahi M, Hosseini MS (2014) Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid)-grafted graphene oxide nanosheets via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. RSC Adv 4:16743–16750CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    El-Ghazawy RA, Farag RK (2010) Synthesis and characterization of novel pour point depressants based on maleic anhydride-alkyl acrylates terpolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 115:72–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Kirkland BS, Paul DR (2008) Gas transport in poly(n-alkyl acrylate)/poly(m-alkyl acrylate) blends. Polymer 49:507–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Shi HF, Zhang XX, Niu JJ, Wang XC, Yin YP, Preparation method for (methyl) crylic acid long-chain alkyl ester polymer phase change materials. European Patent Resgister, CN102351965 (A)Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Cao RR, Liu HH, Chen S, Pei DF, Miao JL, Zhang XX (2017) Fabrication and properties of graphene oxide-grafted-poly(hexadecyl acrylate) as a solid-solid phase change material. Compos Sci Technol 149:262–268CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Kumar A, Behera B, Thakre GD, Ray SS (2016) Covalently grafted graphene oxide/poly(Cn -acrylate) nanocomposites by surface-initiated ATRP: an efficient antifriction, antiwear, and pour-point-depressant lubricating additive in oil media. Ind Eng Chem Res 55:8491–8500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Fang M, Wang KG, Lu HB, Yang YL, Nutt S (2010) Single-layer graphene nanosheets with controlled grafting of polymer chains. J Mater Chem 20:1982–1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Fang M, Wang KG, Lu HB, Yang YL, Nutt S (2009) Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene nanosheets and mechanical properties of composites. J Mater Chem 19:7098–7105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Wei QB, Wang XL, Zhou F (2012) A versatile macro-initiator with dual functional anchoring groups for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on various substrates. Polym Chem 3:2129–2137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Ye FL, Lu CJ, Chen HX, Zhang YH, Li NJ, Wang LH, Li H, Xu QF, Lu JM (2014) Initiator-changed memory type: preparation of end-functionalized polymer by ATRP and study of their nonvolatile memory effects. Polym Chem 5:752–760CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Miao JL, Liu HH, Li W, Zhang XX (2016) Mussel-inspired polydopamine-functionalized graphene as a conductive adhesion promoter and protective layer for silver nanowire transparent electrodes. Langmuir 32:5365–5372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Pei DF, Chen S, Li SQ, Shi HF, Li W, Li X, Zhang XX (2016) Fabrication and properties of poly(polyethylene glycol n-alkyl ethervinyl ether)s as polymeric phase change materials. Thermochim Acta 633:161–169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Liu LT, Kong LQ, Wang HX, Niu RT, Shi HF (2016) Effect of graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the thermal characteristics and shape-stabilized performance of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-g-octadecanol comb-like polymeric phase change materials. Sol Energy Mater Sol C 149:40–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Si YC, Samulski ET (2008) Synthesis of water soluble graphene. Nano Lett 8:1679–1682CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Park SJ, An JH, Jung IH, Piner RD, An SJ, Li XS, Velamakanni A, Ruoff RS (2009) Colloidal suspensions of highly reduced graphene oxide in a wide variety of organic solvents. Nano Lett 9:1593–1597CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Dyke CA, Tour JM (2003) Solvent-free functionalization of carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 125:1156–1157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Geim AK (2009) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324:1530–1534CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Kuila A, Maity N, Layek RK, Nandi AK (2014) On the pH sensitive optoelectronic properties of amphiphilic reduced graphene oxide via grafting of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate): a signature of P- and N-type doping. J Mater Chem A 2:16039–16050CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Wang CY, Feng LL, Xin GB, Li W, Zheng J, Tian WH, Li XG (2012) Graphene oxide stabilized polyethylene glycol for heat storage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:13233–13238CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Xiong WL, Chen Y, Hao M, Zhang L, Mei T, Wang JY, Li JH, Wang XB (2015) Facile synthesis of PEG based shape-stabilized phase change materials and their photo-thermal energy conversion. Appl Therm Eng 91:630–637CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Meng JY, Tang XF, Zhang ZL, Zhang XX, Shi HF (2013) Fabrication and properties of poly(polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether methacrylate). Thermochim Acta 574:116–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Li BX, Liu TX, Hu LY, Wang YF, Nie SB (2013) Facile preparation and adjustable thermal property of stearic acid-graphene oxide composite as shape-stabilized phase change material. Chem Eng J 215–216:819–826CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Zhao J, Zhu YW, He GG, Xing RS, Pan FS, Jiang ZY, Zhang P, Cao XZ, Wang BY (2016) Incorporating zwitterionic graphene oxides into sodium alginate membrane for efficient water/alcohol separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:2097–2103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Kan LY, Xu Z, Gao C (2011) General avenue to individually dispersed graphene oxide-based two-dimensional molecular brushes by free radical polymerization. Macromolecules 44:444–452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Mondal T, Ashkar R, Butler P, Bhowmick AK, Krishnamoorti R (2016) Graphene nanocomposites with high molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone) grafts: controlled synthesis and accelerated crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 5:278–282CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Lomeda JR, Doyle CD, Kosynkin DV, Hwang WF, Tour JM (2008) Diazonium functionalization of surfactant-wrapped chemically converted graphene sheets. J Am Chem Soc 130:16201–16206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Zhang XX, Meng QJ, Wang XC, Bai SH (2011) Poly(adipic acid-hexamethylene diamine)-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 46:923–930.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4836-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Kong H, Gao C, Yan DY (2004) Controlled functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 126:412–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Cao RR, Li X, Chen S, Yuan HR, Zhang XX (2017) Fabrication and characterization of novel shape-stabilized synergistic phase change materials based on PHDA/GO composites. Energy 138:157–166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Zhang Y, Wang LJ, Tang BT, Lu RW, Zhang SF (2016) Form-stable phase change materials with high phase change enthalpy from the composite of paraffin and cross-linking phase change structure. Appl Energy 184:241–246CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Wang TY, Wang SF, Luo RL, Zhu CY, Akiyama T, Zhang ZG (2016) Microencapsulation of phase change materials with binary cores and calcium carbonate shell for thermal energy storage. Appl Energy 171:113–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Cao Ruirui
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • Chen Sai
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • Liu Huanbing
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • Liu Haihui
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • Zhang Xingxiang
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane ProcessesTianjinChina
  2. 2.Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage TechnologyTianjinChina
  3. 3.School of Material Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjinChina

Personalised recommendations