Abstract
A study of the grain growth kinetics in two shape memory alloys, CuAlBe and CuZnAl, is reported. Isothermal aging treatments at temperatures between 1023 and 1123 K were conducted, determining the grain size distribution as a function of time. The results show that the size distribution can be described by a log-normal type relationship, and is time-invariant. It was found that the arithmetic mean grain size almost coincide with the mode, which means that it is a representative parameter of the microstructure along the annealing time. The growth kinetics is strongly dependent on the aging temperature in CuZnAl, while is weakly in CuAlBe. It was verified that the grain size-time power law usually applied is not appropriate to describe the process, and an early departure from the ideal behavior is observed. The modification with a time-dependent dragging force gives a reasonable approximation to the grain growth kinetic. The obtained results are compared with the scarce data existing on this type of alloys.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Humbeeck J, Kustov S (2005) Active and passive damping of noise and vibrations through shape memory alloys: applications and mechanisms. Smart Mater Struct 14:S171–S185
Otsuka K, Wayman CM (1999) Shape memory material, 1st edn. Cambridge University Press, New York
Van Humbeeck J (2003) Damping capacity of thermoelastic martensite in shape memory alloys. J Alloys Compd 355:58–64
Isalgue A, Fernandez J, Torra V, Lovey FC (2006) Conditioning treatments of Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloys for dampers. Mater Sci Eng A 438–440:1085–1088
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A (2009) Aplicación de aleaciones con memoria de forma CuAlBe en amortiguamiento pasivo de estructuras civiles. Rev SAM 6(3):20–29
Wang J, Wang Y, Schaublin R, Abromeit C, Gotthardt R (2006) The effect of point defects on the martensitic phase transformation. Mater Sci Eng A 438–440:102–108
Gröger R, Lookman T, Saxena A (2008) Distribution of the order parameter below Tc for a dislocation-free medium. Phys Rev B 78:184101
Lovey FC, Torra V (1999) Shape memory in Cu-based alloys: phenomenological behavior at the mesoscale level and interaction of martensitic transformation with structural defects in Cu-Zn-Al. Prog Mater Sci 44:189–289
Somoza A, Romero R, Ll Mañosa, Planes A (1999) Aging behavior in Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy. J Appl Phys 85:130–133
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A, Romero R (2011) Effect of grain size on the stress-temperature relationship in a β CuAlBe shape memory alloy. Intermetallics 19:35–38
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A (2008) Thermomechanical behavior of a CuAlBe shape memory alloy. J Alloys Compd 457:332–336
Paradkar AG, Kamat SV, Gogia AK, Kashyap BP (2009) On the validity of Hall–Petch equation for single-phase β Ti-Al-Nb alloys undergoing stress-induced martensitic transformation. Mater Sci Eng A 520:168–173
Khan AQ, Brabers MJ, Delaey L (1974) The Hall-Petch relationship in copper-based martensites. Mater Sci Eng 15:263–274
Huang X, Wu DT, Zhao D, Ramirez AG (2013) Strengthening metals by narrowing grain size distributions in nickel-titanium thin films. J Mater Res 28:1289–1294
Ergen S, Uzun O, Yilmaz F, Kilicaslan MF (2013) Shape memory properties and microstructural evolution of rapidly solidified CuAlBe alloys. Mat Charact 80:92–97
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A, Sepúlveda A (2008) Grain size and pseudoelastic behaviour of a CuAlBe alloy. Mater Charact 59:117–123
Sutou Y, Omori T, Wang JJ, Kainuma R, Ishida K (2004) Characteristics of Cu-Al-Mn-based shape memory alloys and their applications. Mater Sci Eng A 378:278–282
Khan AQ (1974) The application and interpretation of the “time law” to the growth of β grain size and martensite plate thickness in copper-based martensites. J Mater Sci 9:1290–1296. doi:10.1007/BF00551846
White SM, Cook JM, Stobbs WM (1982) The grain size dependence of the loading and reversion behaviour of a Cu-Zn-Al MARMEM alloy deformed below Mf. J Phys-Paris 12:779–783
Arneodo Larochette P, Ahlers M (2003) Grain-size dependence of the two-way shape memory effect obtained by stabilisation in Cu-Zn-Al crystals. Mater Sci Eng A 361:249–257
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A (2014) Effects of grain size on plastic deformation in a β CuAlBe shape memory alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 600:176–180
Elst R, Van Humbeeck J, Delaey L (1985) Grain growth in β-copper-alloys. Z Metallkde 76:704–708
Wang FT, Chen FX, Wei ZG, Yang DZ (1991) The effects of microelements on the grain refining and the grain growth behaviors of CuZnAl shape memory alloy. Scr Metall Mater 25:2565–2570
Guilemany JM, Gil FJ (1991) Kinetic grain growth in Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys. J Mater Sci 26:4626–4630. doi:10.1007/BF00612397
Stipcich M, Romero R (1998) The effect of Ti-B on stabilization of Cu-Zn-Al martensite. Scr Mater 39:1199–1204
Lanzini F, Romero R, Stipcich M, Castro ML (2008) Long-range ordering in β-Cu-Zn-Al: experimental and theoretical study. Phys Rev B 77:134207
Montecinos S, Cuniberti A, Castro ML (2010) Kinetics of isothermal decomposition in polycrystalline β CuAlBe alloys. Intermetallics 18:36–41
Gottstein G, Shvindlerman LS (1999) Grain boundary migration in metals, 1st edn. CRC Press LLC, Florida
Atkinson HV (1988) Theories of normal grain growth in pure single phase systems. Acta Metall 36:469–491
Ahlers M (1986) Martensite and equilibrium phases in Cu-Zn and Cu-Zn-Al alloys. Prog Mat Sc 30:135–186
Hillert M (1965) On the theory of normal and abnormal grain growth. Acta Metall 13:227–238
Rios PR (1990) Effect of size distribution on the kinetics of normal grain growth and of particle coarsening. Acta Metall 38:2017–2021
Kusama T, Omori T, Saito T, Ohnuma I, Ishida K, Kainuma R (2013) Two- and three-dimensional grain growth in the Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy. Mater Trans 54:2044–2048
Abbruzzese G, Lucke K (1986) A theory of texture controlled grain growth-I. Derivation and general discussion of the model. Acta Metall 34:905–914
Eichelkraut H, Abbruzzese G, Lucke K (1988) A theory of texture controlled grain growth-II. Numerical and analytical treatment of grain growth in the presence of two texture components. Acta Metall 36:55–68
Gottstein G, Shvindlerman LS, Zhao B (2010) Thermodynamics and kinetics of grain boundary triple junctions in metals: recent developments. Scr Mater 62:914–917
Holm EA, Foiles SM (2010) How grain growth stops: a mechanism for grain-growth stagnation in pure materials. Science 328:1138–1141
Cahn JW (1962) The impurity-drag effect in grain boundary motion. Acta Metall 10:789–798
Hillert M, Sundman B (1976) A treatment of the solute drag on moving grain boundaries and phase interfaces in binary alloys. Acta Metall 24:731–743
Mendelev MI, Srolovitzy DJ (2001) Grain-boundary migration in the presence of diffusing impurities: simulations and analytical models. Phil Mag A 81:2243–2269
Michels A, Krill CE, Ehrhardt H, Birringer R, Wu DT (1999) Modelling the influence of grain-size-dependent solute drag on the kinetics of grain growth in nanocrystalline materials. Acta Mater 47:2143–2152
Van Humbeeck J, Segers D, Delaey L (1985) The stabilization of martensite of step quenched CuZnAl martensite-Part III. Scr Metall 19:477–480
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by CONICET, ANPCYT, SECAT-UNCentro, and CICPBA, Argentina.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Montecinos, S., Cuniberti, A., Romero, R. et al. Grain size evolution in Cu-based shape memory alloys. J Mater Sci 50, 3994–4002 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-8956-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-8956-6