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Experimental characterization of microstructure development during loading path changes in bcc sheet steels

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Abstract

Interstitial free sheet steels show transient work hardening behavior, i.e., the Bauschinger effect and cross hardening, after changes in the loading path. This behavior affects sheet forming processes and the properties of the final part. The transient work hardening behavior is attributed to changes in the dislocation structure. In this work, the morphology of the dislocation microstructure is investigated for uniaxial and plane strain tension, monotonic and forward to reverse shear, and plane strain tension to shear. Characteristic features such as the thickness of cell walls and the shape of cells are used to distinguish microstructural patterns corresponding to different loading paths. The influence of the crystallographic texture on the dislocation structure is analyzed. Digital image processing is used to create a “library” of schematic representations of the dislocation microstructure. The dislocation microstructures corresponding to uniaxial tension, plane strain tension, monotonic shear, forward to reverse shear, and plane strain tension to shear can be distinguished from each other based on the thickness of cell walls and the shape of cells. A statistical analysis of the wall thickness distribution shows that the wall thickness decreases with increasing deformation and that there are differences between simple shear and uniaxial tension. A change in loading path leads to changes in the dislocation structure. The knowledge of the specific features of the dislocation structure corresponding to a loading path may be used for two purposes: (i) the analysis of the homogeneity of deformation in a test sample and (ii) the analysis of a formed part.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this work provided by the German Science Foundation (DFG) under contract PAK 250 (TP3, TP4, TP5) is greatly acknowledged. The material investigated for this paper was provided and chemically analyzed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG. The authors thank Dr.-Ing. Malek Homayonifar from the Institute of Mechanics for valuable discussions on texture. The authors also thank the reviewers of a previous version for the instructive and helpful comments which have led to a considerable improvement of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mechanics, TU Dortmund University, Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5, 44227, Dortmund, Germany

    T. Clausmeyer

  2. Institute of Material Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universiät 2, 30823, Hannover, Germany

    G. Gerstein

  3. Institute of Continuum and Material Mechanics, TU Hamburg-Harburg University, Eißendorfer Str. 42, 21703, Hamburg, Germany

    S. Bargmann

  4. Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    S. Bargmann

  5. Material Mechanics, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany

    B. Svendsen

  6. Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck Institute for Iron Research, Max-Planck Str. 1, 40237, Dusseldorf, Germany

    B. Svendsen

  7. Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

    A. H. van den Boogaard

  8. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, TU Chemnitz University, Erfenschlager Str. 73, 09125, Chemnitz, Germany

    B. Zillmann

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  1. T. Clausmeyer
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  2. G. Gerstein
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  3. S. Bargmann
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Correspondence to T. Clausmeyer.

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Clausmeyer, T., Gerstein, G., Bargmann, S. et al. Experimental characterization of microstructure development during loading path changes in bcc sheet steels. J Mater Sci 48, 674–689 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6780-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6780-9

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