Skip to main content
Log in

Does Housing Counseling Change Consumer Financial Behaviors? Evidence from Philadelphia

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Family and Economic Issues Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pre-purchase homeownership counseling is a social service for low- to moderate-income households intent on becoming first-time homeowners. Despite the record number of low- and moderate-income households achieving first-time homeownership over the past decade, there is little research on housing counseling’s effectiveness, in terms of long-term positive financial behaviors. In addition, the research community has traditionally adhered to a proscribed definition of success within programs, which hinders evaluative efforts. This paper examines whether counseled borrowers have experienced financial behavior changes within 5 years after having purchased a home. There were mixed results regarding overall financial behavior changes. Agency identity had little influence on some counselees’ behaviors, while counseling agency characteristics had some limited effects on client behaviors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Staten et al. (2002) addressed a similar need for longitudinal tracking of clients within the credit counseling industry, as well.

References

  • American Homeowner Education and Counseling Institute. (1998). AHECI proposed certification standards. Washington, DC: Author.

  • Aspen Institute. (2003). Fiscal crisis in the states: The impact on nonprofits and the people they serve. Snapshots: Research highlights from the nonprofit sector research fund, 32. Retrieved March 15, 2007, from http://www.nonprofitresearch.org/usr_doc/dec_snapshots.pdf.

  • Basolo, V. (2007). Explaining the support for homeownership policy in U.S. cities: A political economy perspective. Housing Studies, 22(1), 99–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, E. S., & Duda, M. (2002). Anatomy of the low income homeownership boom in the 1990s. In N. P. Retsinas & E. S. Belsky (Eds.), Low-income homeownership: Examining the unexamined goal (pp. 15–63). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, E. J., Hagstrom, P. A., & Wild, R. (1999). Credit card debts of the poor: High and rising. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 18(4), 125–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. (2002). Outcomes assessment and the paradox of nonprofit accountability. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 12(3), 243–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carswell, A. T. (2008). Addressing mortgage default and delinquency before it occurs: An evaluation framework for the homeownership counseling industry. Forum for Family and Consumer Issues, 13(1). Retrieved on July 12, 2009, from http://ncsu.edu/ffci/publications/2008/v13-n1-2008-spring/Carswell.php.

  • Carswell, A. T., & Copeland, C. W. (2006). The key to foreclosure prevention: An analysis of the United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta’s IDA homeownership program. In J. Memken (Ed.), Annual Housing Education and Research Association Conference Proceedings (pp. 21–24). Ithaca, NY.

  • Chan, S. (1998). Spatial lock-in: Do falling house prices constrain residential mobility? (Rutgers University working paper no. 9816). Retrieved May 22, 2008, from ftp://snde.rutgers.edu/Rutgers/wp/1998-16.pdf.

  • Chi, P. S. K., & Laquatra, J. (1998). Profiles of housing cost burden in the United States. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 19(2), 175–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clancy, M., Gristein-Weiss, M., & Schreiner, M. (2001). Financial education and savings outcomes in individual development accounts (working paper no. 01–2). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

  • Collins, J. M. (2007). Exploring the design of financial counseling for mortgage borrowers in default. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(2), 207–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordell, L. (2001). Innovative servicing technology: Smart enough to sustain homeownership gains? Panel presentation at the Research Institute for Housing America 2001 Conference on Housing Opportunity: Will Technology Expand Housing Opportunity? Washington, DC.

  • Eggers, F. J., & Thackeray, A. (2007). 32 years of housing data. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feins, J. D., Bain, L. D., Jr., & Kirlin, J. A. (1980). Results of the prepurchase homeownership counseling demonstration. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, J. (2005). House poor: Pumped up prices, rising rates, and mortgages on steroids. New York: Harper-Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forry, N. D. (2009). The impact of child care subsidies on low-income single parents: An examination of child care expenditures and family finances. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 30(1), 43–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, M. J., & Mills, D. L. (1989). Evaluating the likelihood of default on delinquent loans. Financial Management, 18(4), 55–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, D. D. (1994). Antecedents and consequences of newlyweds’ cash flow management. Financial Counseling and Planning, 5, 161–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, E., & Goldsmith, R. (1997). Gender differences in perceived and real knowledge of financial investments. Psychological Reports, 80, 236–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gyourko, J., & Linneman, P. (1993). The affordability of the American dream: An examination of the last 30 years. Journal of Housing Research, 4(1), 39–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyourko, J., & Tracy, J. (1999, September) A look at real housing prices and incomes: Some implications for housing affordability and quality. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/99v05n3/9909gyou.pdf.

  • Hacala, J. (2001). Faith-based community partnerships: Toward justice and empowerment. In E. J. Dionne Jr. & M. H. Chen (Eds.), Sacred places, civic purposes: Should government help faith-based charity? (pp. 140–142). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakim, S. R., & Haddad, M. (1999). Borrower attributes and the risk of default of conventional mortgages. Atlantic Economic Journal, 27(2), 210–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, C. K., & Sherraden, M. (2009). Attitudes and savings in individual development accounts: Latent class analysis. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 30(3), 226–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harkness, J., & Newman, S. J. (2002). Homeownership for the poor in distressed neighborhoods: Does this make sense? Housing Policy Debate, 13(3), 597–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartarska, V., & Gonzalez-Vega, C. (2005). Credit counseling and mortgage termination by low-income households. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 30(3), 227–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes-Bordas, R., Kiss, D. E., & Yilmazer, T. (2008). Effectiveness of financial education on financial management behavior and account usage: Evidence from a ‘second chance’ program. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(3), 362–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heintz, K. G., Schnare, A. B., & Turner, M. A. (1984). Report on housing counseling agencies. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilgert, M. A., Hogarth, J. M., & Beverly, S. G. (2003). Household financial management: The connection between knowledge and behavior. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2003/0703lead.pdf.

  • Hirad, A., & Zorn, P. M. (2002). Pre-purchase homeownership counseling: A little knowledge is a good thing. In N. Retsinas & E. Belsky (Eds.), Low-income homeownership: Examining the unexamined goal (pp. 146–174). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogarth, J. M., & O’Donnell, K. H. (1999). Banking relationships of lower-income families and the government trend toward electronic payment. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 85, 459–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornburg, S. P. (2004, August). Strengthening the case for homeownership counseling: Moving beyond a little bit of knowledge (working Paper W04-12). Cambridge, MA: Joint Center for Housing Studies.

  • Housing Assistance Council. (1997). Housing counseling in rural America. Washington, DC: Author.

  • Iceland, J. (2005). Adjusting the poverty measure for geographic variations: What difference would it make? Focus, 23(3), 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, R. N., III, Carswell, A. T., & Robb, C. (2008). Estimating the outlays of renting and owning: The risks of hidden ownership costs. Proceedings of the Eastern Family Economics and Resource Management Association (pp. 36–38), Savannah, GA.

  • Joint Center for Housing Studies. (2006). America’s rental housing: Homes for a diverse nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kromer, J. (2001). Neighborhood recovery. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutty, N. K. (2005). A new measure of housing affordability: Estimates and analytical results. Housing Policy Debate, 16(1), 113–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y. G., Lown, J. M., & Sharpe, D. L. (2007). Predictors of holding consumer and mortgage debt among older Americans. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28, 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longhofer, S. D., & Peters, S. R. (2005). Self-selection and discrimination in credit markets. Real Estate Economics, 33(2), 237–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, A. C., Chang, Y., & Scherpf, E. M. (2006). Translating financial education into behavior change for low-income populations. Financial Counseling and Planning, 17(2), 27–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, A. C., & Scherpf, E. (2004). Moving from unbanked to banked: Evidence from the Money Smart program. Financial Services Review, 13(3), 215–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallach, A. (2000). Home ownership education and counseling: Issues in research and definition. Community affairs discussion (paper 00–01). Philadelphia, PA: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, L. (2006). Does just-in-time instruction improve financial literacy? Retrieved May 22, 2008, from www.cuna.org/download/svgtn06_d.pdf.

  • McCarthy, G. W., & Quercia, R. G. (2000). Bridging the gap between supply and demand: The evolution of the homeownership education and counseling industry. Washington, DC: Research Institute for Housing America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, E. M. (1998). Homeownership education: An evaluation of seminars in three Colorado counties. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley.

  • Mimura, Y. (2008). Housing cost burden, poverty status, and economic hardship among low-income families. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(1), 152–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Realtors. (2008). 2007 Profile of home buyers and sellers. Washington, DC: Author.

  • O’Neill, B. M., Lytton, R. H., & Parrott, K. R. (1995). Living on the edge: Characteristics and practices of overextended homeowners. Family Economics and Resource Management Biennial, The Journal of the Family Economics and Resource Management Division of AAFCS, 1, 109–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who is in control? The role of self-perception, knowledge, and income in explaining consumer financial behavior. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(2), 299–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. A., & Vander Hoff, J. H. (2004). The conditional probability of foreclosure: An empirical analysis of conventional mortgage loan defaults. Real Estate Economics, 32(4), 571–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quercia, R. G., Cowan, S. M., & Moreno, A. (2004, February). The cost-effectiveness of community-based foreclosure prevention (working paper BABC 04-18). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Joint Center for Housing Studies.

  • Quercia, R. G., Gorham, L. S., & Rohe, W. M. (2006). Sustaining homeownership: The promise of postpurchase services. Housing Policy Debate, 17(2), 309–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quercia, R. G., & Spader, J. (2008). Does homeownership counseling affect the prepayment and default behavior of affordable mortgage borrowers? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 27(2), 304–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quercia, R. G., & Wachter, S. M. (1996). Homeownership counseling performance: How can it be measured? Housing Policy Debate, 7(1), 175–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, P. H., & Weber, E. (1996). The social benefits of homeownership: Empirical evidence from the national surveys. Housing Policy Debate, 7(1), 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiner, M., Clancy, M., & Sherraden, M. (2002). Saving performance in the American Dream Demonstration: A national demonstration of individual development accounts. St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabecoff, A. (1994). Home owner education: An informal review of the industry. Washington, DC: Fannie Mae Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, G., & Hill, O. (1995). First-time homebuyers programs as an impetus for change in budget behavior. Financial Counseling and Planning, 6, 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, G., & Moss, J. (2002). Development of a national certification examination for homeowner educators and housing counselors. Financial Counseling and Planning, 13(2), 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shlay, A. (2006). Low-income homeownership: American dream or delusion? Urban Studies, 43(3), 511–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shockey, S. S., & Seiling, S. B. (2004). Moving into action: Application of the transtheoretical model of behavior change to financial education. Financial Counseling and Planning, 15(1), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staten, M. E., Elliehausen, E. C., & Lundquist, G. (2002). The impact of credit counseling on subsequent borrower credit usage and payment behavior. Washington, DC: Georgetown University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegman, M. A. (1999). State and local affordable-housing programs: A rich tapestry. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, M. E. (2006). Housing affordability: One-third of a nation shelter-poor. In R. Bratt, M. E. Stone, & C. Hartman (Eds.), A right to housing (pp. 38–60). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struyk, R. (1977). Should government encourage homeownership?. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, T. A., Thorne, D., & Warren, E. (2001). Young, old, and in between: Who files for bankruptcy? Norton Bankruptcy Law Advisor, 9A, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (1983). Report to Congress on housing counseling. Washington, DC: Author.

  • Vitt, L. A., Anderson, C., Kent, J., Lyter, D. M., Siegenthaler, J. K., & Ward, J. (2000). Personal finance and the rush to competence: Financial literacy education in the U.S. Middleburg, VA: Institute for Socio-Financial Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiranowski, M. (2003, October) Sustaining home ownership through education and counseling. Washington, DC: NeighborWorks. Retrieved October 19, 2008 from http://www.nw.org/Network/pubs/studies/documents/sustainingHOthruEdandCslg10-03.pdf.

  • Working Group on Human Needs and Faith-Based and Community Initiatives. (2003, April). Harnessing civic and faith-based power to fight poverty. Washington, DC: The Consensus Council, Inc.

  • Xiao, J. J. (2008). Applying behavior theories to financial behavior. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of consumer finance research (pp. 69–81). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, J. J., Newman, B. M., Prochaska, J. M., Leon, B., Bassett, R. L., & Johnson, J. L. (2004a). Applying the transtheoretical model of change to consumer debt behavior. Financial Counseling and Planning, 15(2), 89–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, J. J., O’Neill, B., Prochaska, J. M., Kerbel, C. M., Brennan, P., & Bristow, B. J. (2004b). A consumer education programme based on the transtheoretical model of change. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 28(1), 55–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, J. J., Sorhaindo, B., & Garman, T. (2006). Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counseling. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 108–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The author would like to thank a few of the people that contributed to the completion of this article. Three anonymous reviewers gave extensive, yet helpful comments that undoubtedly strengthened the quality of the final draft. They stand as a testament to the quality of JFEI reviewers. In addition, Nikki Williams gave exact attention to detail and her high professional standards in editing and preparing this document toward its ultimate publication. I am indebted to all of them.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew T. Carswell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carswell, A.T. Does Housing Counseling Change Consumer Financial Behaviors? Evidence from Philadelphia. J Fam Econ Iss 30, 339–356 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9170-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9170-y

Keywords

Navigation