The teacher leadership process: Attempting change within embedded systems
- 1.9k Downloads
- 5 Citations
Abstract
This embedded case study examines the leadership practices of eleven teacher leaders in three urban schools to identify how these teacher leaders attempt to change the teaching practice of their colleagues while working as professional learning community leaders and as mentors for new teachers. Using a theoretical framework integrating complex systems theory with Kotter’s (Leading change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1996) eight steps for leading organizational change, we analyze the work and perspectives of individual teacher leaders, and we examine how teams of teacher leaders and principals function collectively in their efforts to lead instructional change. Our findings have implications for schools seeking to utilize teacher leadership as a reform strategy for authentic instructional improvement.
Keywords
Complex systems theory Instructional improvement Organizational change Professional learning communities Teacher leadershipAbbreviations
- PD
Professional development
- PLC
Professional learning community
Notes
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Spencer Foundation, which made this research possible.
References
- Angelle, P. S., & Schmid, J. B. (2007). School structure and the identity of teacher leaders: Perspectives of principals and teachers. Journal of School Leadership, 17(6), 771–799.Google Scholar
- Ball, D. L., Sleep, L., Boerst, T., & Bass, H. (2009). Combining the development of practice and the practice of development in teacher education. Elementary School Journal, 109(5), 458–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Beachum, F., & Dentith, A. (2004). Teacher leaders creating cultures of school renewal transformation. The Educational Forum, 68, 276–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Borko, H., Jacobs, J., Eiteljorg, E., & Pittman, M. (2008). Video as a tool for fostering productive discussions in mathematics professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, 417–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chenoweth, C. (2009). How it’s being done: Urgent lessons from unexpected schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.Google Scholar
- Cranston, N. C. (2000). Teachers as leaders: A critical agenda for the new millennium. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 28(2), 123–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Crowther, F., Kaagan, S. S., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2002). Developing teacher leaders. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Google Scholar
- Darling-Hammond, L., Wei, R. C., Andree, A., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher development in the US and abroad. NSDC. Retrieved from National Staff Development Council website: http://www.nsdc.org/news/NSDCstudytechnicalreport2009.pdf.
- Dewey, J. (1933). How we think. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Original work published 1910.Google Scholar
- Drago-Severson, E. (2007). Helping teachers learn: Principals as professional development leaders. Teachers College Record, 109(1), 70–125.Google Scholar
- Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2012). Spheres of teacher leadership action for learning. Professional Development in Education, 38(2), 229–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fairman, J. C., & Mackenzie, S. V. (2014). How teacher leaders influence others and understand their leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education,. doi: 10.1080/13603124.2014.904002.Google Scholar
- Frost, D., Durrant, J., Head, M., & Holden, G. (2000). Teacher led school improvement. New York: Falmer.Google Scholar
- Gambrell, L. B., & Almasi, J. F. (Eds.). (1996). Lively discussions! Fostering engaged reading. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.Google Scholar
- Grissom, J. A., & Loeb, S. (2011). Triangulating principal effectiveness: How perspectives of parents, teachers, and assistant principals identify the central importance of managerial skills. American Educational Research Journal, 48(5), 1091–1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Grossman, P., Hammerness, K., & McDonald, M. (2009). Redefining teaching, reimagining teacher education. Teachers and Teaching, 15(2), 273–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heck, R., & Hallinger, P. (2009). Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in math achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 659–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Horn, I., & Little, J. (2010). Attending to problems of practice: Routines and resources for professional learning in teachers’ workplace interactions. American Educational Research Journal, 47(1), 181–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jadallah, M., Anderson, R. C., Nguyen-Jahiel, K., Miller, B. W., Kim, I., Kuo, L., et al. (2010). Influence of a teacher’s scaffolding moves during child led small group discussions. American Educational Research Journal, 48(1), 194–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kardos, S. M., Johnson, S. M., Peske, H. G., Kauffman, D., & Liu, E. (2001). Counting on colleagues: New teachers encounter the professional cultures of their schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(2), 250–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Katzenmeyer, M., & Moller, G. (2001). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.Google Scholar
- Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.Google Scholar
- Lampert, M., Boerst, T., & Graziani, F. (2011). Organizational resources in the service of school-wide ambitious teaching practice. Teachers College Record, 113(7), 1361–1400.Google Scholar
- Lieberman, A., & Friedrich, L. D. (2010). How teachers become leaders: Learning from practice and research. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
- Little, J. W. (2006). Professional community and professional development in the learning-centered school. National Education Association. Retrieved from www.nea.org.
- Mangin, M. M. (2007). Facilitating elementary principals’ support for instructional teacher leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(3), 319–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Margolis, J., & Huggins, K. S. (2012). Distributed but undefined: New teacher leader roles to change schools. Journal of School Leadership, 22(5), 953–981.Google Scholar
- Matsumura, L., Garnier, H., Correnti, R., Junker, B., & Bickel, D. (2010). Investigating the effectiveness of a comprehensive literacy coaching program in schools with high teacher mobility. The Elementary School Journal, 111(1), 35–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- Miles, M., & Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.Google Scholar
- Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing teacher professional learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Paine, L., Pimm, D., Britton, E., Raizen, S., & Wilson, S. (2003). Rethinking induction: Examples from around the world. In M. Scherer (Ed.), Keeping good teachers (pp. 67–80). Washington: ASCD.Google Scholar
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- Payne, C. M. (2008). So much reform, so little change: The persistence of failure in urban schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.Google Scholar
- Piaget, J. (2000). Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. In K. Lee (Ed.), Childhood cognitive development: The essential readings (pp. 33–47). Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
- Stanulis, R. N. & Brondyk, S. (2013). Complexities involved in mentoring towards a high leverage practice in the induction years. Teachers College Record, 115(10), http://www.tcrecord.org. ID number: 17157.
- Stanulis, R. N., Brondyk, S., Little, S., & Wibbens, E. (2014). Mentoring beginning teachers to enact discussion-based teaching. Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 22, 127–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stanulis, R. N., Meloche, B., Robinson, S., & Prybys, J. (2011). Rubric for guiding principal selection of teacher leaders. Detroit, MI: Presentation at MAPSA Principal Institute.Google Scholar
- Stein, M. K., & Nelson, B. S. (2003). Leadership content knowledge. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25(4), 423–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Timperley, H. S. (2005). Instructional leadership challenges: The case of using student achievement information for instructional improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(1), 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Valli, L., van Zee, E., Rennert-Ariev, P., Mikeska, J., Catlett-Muhanunad, S., & Roy, P. (2006). Initiating and sustaining a culture of inquiry in a teacher leadership program. Teacher Education Quarterly, 33(3), 97–114.Google Scholar
- Wood, D. (2007). Teachers’ learning communities: Catalyst for change or a new infrastructure for the status quo? Teachers College Record, 109(3), 699–739.Google Scholar
- Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed., Vol. 5). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yost, D., Vogel, R., & Rosenberg, M. (2009). Transitioning from teacher to instructional leader. Middle School Journal, 40(3), 20–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar