Infrastructure for teacher reflection and instructional change: An exploratory study
- 826 Downloads
- 6 Citations
Abstract
In the US, instruction reforms, especially those intended to help teachers move beyond typical teaching practices, have regularly fallen short of aspirations. An important reason for this state of affairs is that reforms, often fail to provide teachers sufficient infrastructure they need to overcome fundamental uncertainties of teaching. Progress has been made in recent years in developing conceptual frameworks that help explain why some professional learning experiences provided by infrastructure might be more effective than others. Despite the progress that has been made, however, these new ways of thinking have generally not made deep inroads into practice and there is a scarcity of research on what happens when new ideas about professional learning are put into practice. This study of 887 teachers in a large urban district attempts to address some of these gaps in the literature by investigating how teachers’ engagement in a range of different professional learning experiences provided through infrastructure are associated with two learning outcomes—reflective practice and changed literacy instructional practices. We found that teachers were more likely to reflect on their practice and change their literacy instruction when their learning experiences focused directly on classroom teaching. We also found that teachers who worked with coaches more often and who engaged in reflective practice more regularly were more likely to report changing their literacy teaching.
Keywords
Teacher professional learning Reflective practice Reflection Professional development Instructional changeNotes
Acknowledgments
This research was supported with a Grant from the US Department of Education’s Institute of Education Sciences, award #R305E040085.
References
- Barnes, C. A. (2002). Standards reform in high-poverty schools: Managing conflict and building capacity. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
- Bennett, B. (1987). The effectiveness of staff development training practices: A meta-analysis. Oregon: University of Oregon.Google Scholar
- Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Borman, G. D., Hewes, G. M., Overman, L. T., & Brown, S. (2003). Comprehensive school reform and achievement: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 73(2), 125–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Boud, D., & Walker, D. (1990). Making the most of experience. Studies in Continuing Education, 12(2), 61–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bryk, A., Camburn, E., & Seashore Louis, K. (1999). Professional community in Chicago elementary schools: Facilitating factors and organizational consequences. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(Supplement), 751–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bryk, A. S., & Schneider, B. (2002). Trust in schools: A core resource for improvement. New York, NY: Russel Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
- Bryk, A. S., Sebring, P. B., Allensworth, E., Easton, J. Q., & Luppescu, S. (2010). Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
- Camburn, E. M. (2010). Embedded teacher learning opportunities as a site for reflective practice: An exploratory study. American Journal of Education, 116(4), 463–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Camburn, E. M., & Han, S. W. (2009). Investigating connections between distributed leadership and instructional change. Distributed Leadership: Different Perspectives, 7, 25–45. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9737-9_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Coburn, C. E., & Russell, J. L. (2008). District policy and teachers’ social networks. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 30(3), 203–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, D. K. (2011). Teaching and its predicaments. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, D. K., & Ball, D. L. (1990). Policy and practice: An overview. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 12(3), 347–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, D. K., & Hill, H. C. (2000). Instructional policy and classroom performance: The mathematics reform in California. Teachers College Record, 102(2), 294–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, D. K., & Moffitt, S. L. (2009). The ordeal of equality: Did federal regulation fix the schools?. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Cohen, D. K., Moffitt, S. L., & Goldin, S. (2007). Policy and practice: The dilemma. American Journal of Education, 113(4), 515–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, D. K., Peurach, D. J., Glazer, J. L., Gates, K. E., & Goldin, S. (2014). Improvement by design: The promise of better schools. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
- Correnti, R., & Rowan, B. (2007). Opening up the black box: Literacy instruction in schools participating in three comprehensive school reform programs. American Educational Research Journal, 44(2), 298–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cristol, K., & Ramsey, B. S. (2014). Common core in the districts: An early look at early implements. Washington, DC: Thomas Fordham Institute.Google Scholar
- Crockett, M. D. (2002). Inquiry as professional development: Creating dilemmas through teachers’ work. Teaching and Teacher Education., 18(2002), 609–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Darling-Hammond, L. (2013). Getting teacher evaluation right: What really matters for effectiveness and improvement. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
- Desimone, L. M., Porter, A. C., Garet, M. S., Yoon, K. S., & Birman, B. F. (2002). Effects of professional development on teachers’ instruction: Results from a three-year longitudinal study. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 24(2), 81–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Garet, M. S., Porter, A. C., Desimone, L., Birman, B. F., & Yoon, K. S. (2001). What makes professional development effective? Results from a national sample of teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 38(4), 915–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jarvis, P. (1987). Adult learning in the social context. London; New York: Published in the USA in association with Methuen, Croom Helm.Google Scholar
- King, M. B. (2002). Professional development to promote schoolwide inquiry. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18(2002), 243–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lewis, C. C., Perry, R. R., & Hurd, J. (2009). Improving mathematics instruction through lesson study: A theoretical model and North American case. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 12(4), 285–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (1990). Informal and incidental learning in the workplace. London, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
- Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing teacher professional learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Porter, A. C., Garet, M. S., Desimone, L. M., & Birman, B. F. (2003). Providing effective professional development: Lessons from the Eisenhower program. Science Educator, 12(1), 23–40.Google Scholar
- Pugach, M. C., & Johnson, L. J. (1995). Unlocking expertise among classroom teachers through structured dialogue—Extending research on peer collaboration. Exceptional Children, 62(2), 101–110.Google Scholar
- Putnam, R. T., & Borko, H. (2000). What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning. Educational Researcher, 29(1), 4–15.Google Scholar
- Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
- Raver, C. C., Jones, S. M., Li-Grining, C. P., Metzger, M., Champion, K. M., & Sardin, L. (2008). Improving preschool classroom processes: Preliminary findings from a randomized trial implemented in Head Start settings. Early childhood research quarterly, 23(1), 10–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rodgers, C. R. (2002). Seeing student learning: Teacher change and the role of reflection. Harvard Educational Review, 72(2), 230–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rowan, B., Camburn, E., & Barnes, C. (2004). Benefiting from comprehensive school reform: A review of research on CSR implementation. In C. Cross (Ed.), Putting the pieces together: Lessons from comprehensive school reform research (pp. 1–52). Washington DC: National Clearinghouse for Comprehensive School Reform.Google Scholar
- Rowan, B., Correnti, R., Miller, R., & Camburn, E. M. (2009). School improvement by design: Lessons from a study of comprehensive school reform programs. In B. Schneider & G. Sykes (Eds.), Handbook of education policy research. Washington DC: American Educational Research Association.Google Scholar
- Salomon, G. (1997). Distributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations. Cambrige: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action (Vol. 5126). London: Basic books.Google Scholar
- Scott, C. (2007). Moving beyond identification: assisting schools in improvement. Washington DC: Center on Education Policy. Retrieved June 6, 2015, from http://www.cep-dc.org/displayDocument.cfm?DocumentID=307
- Smylie, M. A. (1995). Teacher learning in the workplace: Implications for school reform. In T. R. G. M. Huberman (Ed.), Professional development in education: New paradigms and practices. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
- Tremmel, R. (1993). Zen and the art of reflective practice in teacher education. Harvard Educational Review, 63(4), 434–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Webster-Wright, A. (2009). Reframing professional development through understanding authentic professional learning. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 702–739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Zeichner, K. M., & Liston, D. P. (1996). Reflective teaching : An introduction. Mahwah, New York: L. Erlbaum Associates Routledge.Google Scholar