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The effect of sintering temperature and time on the growth of single crystals of 0.75 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.25 SrTiO3 by solid state crystal growth

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Abstract

Materials in the (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–SrTiO3 system are of interest for use as lead-free piezoelectric actuators due to high electric-field induced strains. Piezoelectric properties may be further improved by growing single crystals but as yet work on single crystal growth in this system is limited. In the present work, single crystals of composition 0.75 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3−0.25 SrTiO3 were grown by solid state crystal growth (SSCG) on [001] SrTiO3 seed crystals and the dependence of crystal growth distance and matrix grain growth on sintering temperature investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis show that the single crystals grow epitaxially on the seed crystals. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicates that the grown crystals are slightly Na-deficient, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the presence of oxygen vacancies. Single crystal growth distance, mean matrix grain size and grain size distribution as a function of sintering temperature and time are presented. Increasing the sintering temperature increases both single crystal and matrix grain growth rates. The optimum single crystal growth temperature is found to be 1250°C. The effect of sintering temperature on the single crystal and matrix grain growth behavior is explained using the mixed control mechanism of microstructural evolution.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (grant no. 2015R1D1A1A01057060). The authors would like to thank Kyeong-Kap Jeong, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Hey-Jeong Kim and Ji-Won Na for operating the XRD, particle size analyser, SEM and XPS respectively, and Kyung-Soon Kim (National Nanofab Center, Daejeon) for operating the EBSD. The authors would also like to thank Zhao Zhiqiang for assistance with the powder annealing and air quenching experiments.

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  1. Seok-Young Ko

    Present address: Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34186, Republic of Korea

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea

    Phan Gia Le & John G. Fisher

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Gi-Young Jo & Seok-Young Ko

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Le, P.G., Jo, GY., Ko, SY. et al. The effect of sintering temperature and time on the growth of single crystals of 0.75 (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–0.25 SrTiO3 by solid state crystal growth. J Electroceram 40, 122–137 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-018-0111-8

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