Management of ocular complications of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

Abstract

Background Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is a multisystem disorder, characterized by the T-cell-mediated autoimmune process directed against melanocytic antigens in the ocular, nervous, auditory and integumentary systems. The ocular hallmarks of the disease involve severe bilateral panuveitis associated with exudative retinal detachment. Case report We report a pediatric case of probable VKH Syndrome with isolated ocular findings, in which bilateral vitritis, papillitis and serous retinal detachments involving the macula with intra-retinal edema and choroideal thickening were detected. Intervention Subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection was performed in addition to systemic corticosteroid and cyclosporine treatments. Evolution Prompt improvement was seen in the ocular manifestations of VKH syndrome, which persisted for at least 4 months. Subtenon corticosteroid injection, together with systemic corticosteroid and cytotoxic treatment, prevented the ocular complications of invasive intraocular treatment modalities, and at the same time reduced the systemic corticosteroid dosage. Conclusion We recommend use of ocular invasive treatment modalities in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome only if the disease progression cannot be controlled. If systemic medications fail to stop the progression of the disease activity, subtenon injections may be considered before intraocular treatment modalities.