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Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams

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Abstract

Riparian forests regulate stream ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, changes to riparian structure may threaten stream ecosystem function by triggering taxonomic and functional changes to aquatic communities. Because macroinvertebrate assemblages are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be effective indicators of stream integrity in disturbed landscapes. To assess the role of riparian forests in maintaining tropical stream communities in areas experiencing large-scale watershed disturbance, we quantified the taxonomic and functional response of stream macroinvertebrate communities to forest clearing in the southeastern Amazon’s agricultural frontier, a region experiencing widespread deforestation. Our results show that watershed deforestation can lead to significant changes in macroinvertebrate richness and community composition. We found a predominance of shredders in forested watersheds; scrapers in cropland watersheds with riparian forests; and collector-filterers in cropland watersheds without riparian forest buffers. Taxonomic composition was controlled by available organic material in forested watersheds and by periphyton in cropland sites regardless of whether they had a riparian buffer. Our results show that the clearing of riparian forests alters food sources supporting aquatic food webs, leading to ecosystem-level shifts through changes in light and temperature dynamics that affect aquatic communities in areas with intense land-use change such as the southeastern Amazon.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgments

We thank IPAM and Grupo AMaggi for logistical support and use of the Tanguro field site. The expedition field team composed of Dr. Paulo Ilha, Dr. Murilo Sversut Dias, Dr. Tiago Barros Miguel, MSc. Pâmela Virgolino, MSc. Lorrane Gabrielle Cantanhede, Nathane Queiroz, Darlisson Nunes, and Raimundo Mota provided excellent field support and comradery. We thank Dra. Ludmila Rattis and MSc. Paul Lefebvre for producing the map used in Fig. 1. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this research came from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq (PELD/TANG #441703/2016‐0); CAPES (Post-doctoral Fellowship 88887.136296/2017-00 to NM); and the National Science Foundation (DEB 1457602, INFEWS 1739724 to LAD and MNM). We thank CNPq for the productivity scholarship granted to LJ (304710/2019-9) and A.L.A. for the Doctoral Scholarship (141991/2016-0). KJJ was supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq (PELD/TANG #441703/2016‐0); CAPES (Post-doctoral Fellowship 88887.136296/2017-00 to NM); National Science Foundation (DEB 1457602, INFEWS 1739724 to LAD and MNM); Productivity scholarship granted to LJ (304710/2019-9); and Doctoral Scholarship to A.L.A. (141991/2016-0)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Canarana, Mato Grosso, Brazil

    N. C. S. Marques & M. N. Macedo

  2. Laboratório de Ecossistemas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    N. C. S. Marques

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, USA

    K. J. Jankowski

  4. Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, USA

    M. N. Macedo & L. A. Deegan

  5. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil

    L. Juen & A. Luiza-Andrade

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  1. N. C. S. Marques
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  2. K. J. Jankowski
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  3. M. N. Macedo
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  4. L. Juen
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  5. A. Luiza-Andrade
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  6. L. A. Deegan
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Contributions

NCSM conceived the study, did the field collection, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. KJJ conceived the study, did the field collection, and wrote the paper. MNM conceived the study and wrote the paper. LJ conceived the study and wrote the paper; AL-A conceived the study, did the field collection, and wrote the paper. LD conceived the study and wrote the paper.

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Marques, N.C.S., Jankowski, K.J., Macedo, M.N. et al. Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams. Hydrobiologia 848, 3503–3520 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y

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