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European large perialpine lakes under anthropogenic pressures and climate change: present status, research gaps and future challenges

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Abstract

The aim of this review is to introduce and critically comment the main research topics considered in a selection of papers on the European large perialpine lakes (LPL) presented at the XXXIII congress of the International Society of Limnology in 2016. Besides highlighting ongoing research advancements in the LPL, the review provides a critical overview of the scientific information available on the large lake’s ecosystems, identifying a few emerging research topics (e.g., aquatic ‘omics’ and high frequency monitoring). Many limnological investigations are linked to the concept of scientific monitoring, following a “problem solving” approach connected with the management of water resources. Experimental studies and modeling are restricted to specific niches. Overall, the scientific knowledge is quite scattered, showing hot-spots of specialized or integrated research in specific lakes and areas. The advancement of new knowledge in the LPL should rely on a better integration of scientific disciplines using multidisciplinary approaches, and on the continuous adoption of new advanced technologies and tools, contributing, besides basic research, to the next generation monitoring approaches. Finally, the preservation of LPL has to rely on water protection policies addressed towards the sustainable development of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, following the “green” and “blue” infrastructure concepts.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Salmaso et al. (2003b)

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the authors of this special issue for their efforts in preparing the papers that have contributed to establish the state of the art of limnology in the large and deep perialpine lakes. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript, and to Andrea Gandolfi (FEM) for checking the section dedicated to fish. DS was supported by the European Regional Development Fund: Interreg V-A—Germany-Austria-Switzerland-Liechtenstein (Alpenrhein-Bodensee-Hochrhein 2014–2020) under grant no. ABH060 (“SeeWandel: Life in Lake Constance—the past, present and future”).

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Correspondence to Nico Salmaso.

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Guest editors: Nico Salmaso, Orlane Anneville, Dietmar Straile & Pierluigi Viaroli / Large and deep perialpine lakes: ecological functions and resource management

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10750_2018_3758_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Cascading effects on the limnological characteristics of large and deep perialpine lakes originating from the year-to-year oscillations in the winter EA and NAO. In their higher value state, the two indices are associated to mild winters, which prevent the full mixing and vertical homogenization of physical and chemical characteristics along the water column. In their lower value state, the two indices are associated with harsh winters, which can cause a more extended or even a complete mixing of lakes, and a greater supply of nutrients to the surface and oxygen to the deep hypolimnion. Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 702 kb)

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Salmaso, N., Anneville, O., Straile, D. et al. European large perialpine lakes under anthropogenic pressures and climate change: present status, research gaps and future challenges. Hydrobiologia 824, 1–32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3758-x

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