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Contrasting associations between habitat conditions and stream aquatic biodiversity in a forest reserve and its surrounding area in the Eastern Amazon

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Abstract

Streams of protected areas should be subjected to less environmental degradation than surrounding areas and consequently support greater aquatic biodiversity. To test this, 186 environmental and landscape variables were measured in 34 streams within the Caxiuanã National Forest (CNF) and its surrounding zone in the eastern Amazon. We expected that streams inside the CNF protected area would have more riparian forest cover and large woody debris (LWD) that increase instream habitat complexity and aquatic biodiversity. Several environmental variables differed between streams in the CNF and surrounding zone; however, the major difference was greater LWD, leaf litter, and channel depth in CNF streams. Richness of fish, Chironomidae, EPT (Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera), and all-groups combined were positively associated with LWD. Assemblage taxonomic composition was correlated with several variables, but most groups revealed no clear differentiation between the two areas. This lack of differentiation may be explained by relatively minor environmental impacts in areas surrounding the CNF given the region’s small human population. The most notable impact to streams outside of the CNF was removal of LWD to facilitate boat passage. To conserve aquatic biodiversity, we recommend expansion of protected areas and adoption of policies governing land use in surrounding zones.

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Acknowledgements

We are especially grateful to the employees of the Ferreira Penna Research Station for their assistance with fieldwork. This study was supported by grants from the Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisa do Pará and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) through CNPq/Universal (process: 475611/2012-8). LJ (process: 307597/2016-4), LFAM (process: 305017/201600) and PSP (process: 303548/2017-7). The first author was funded by Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (CAPES) (LFAM—process 88881.119097/2016-01). KOW received support from US National Science Foundation grant DEB 1257813. HL, NLB, CSMJ, APJF, GN, and DHAG received stipends from the CAPES, CNPq, and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (PPM-00608/15) research fellowship.

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  1. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil

    Luciano F. A. Montag, Híngara Leão, Naraiana L. Benone, Cláudio S. Monteiro-Júnior, Ana Paula J. Faria, Gilberto Nicacio & Leandro Juen

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Híngara Leão, Naraiana L. Benone, Cláudio S. Monteiro-Júnior, Gilberto Nicacio & Diogo H. A. Garcia

  3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Naraiana L. Benone & Ana Paula J. Faria

  4. Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Cristiane P. Ferreira

  5. Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil

    Cleverson R. M. Santos

  6. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Paulo S. Pompeu

  7. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA

    Kirk O. Winemiller

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  1. Luciano F. A. Montag
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  2. Híngara Leão
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  3. Naraiana L. Benone
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  4. Cláudio S. Monteiro-Júnior
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  6. Gilberto Nicacio
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  8. Diogo H. A. Garcia
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  9. Cleverson R. M. Santos
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  10. Paulo S. Pompeu
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  12. Leandro Juen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luciano F. A. Montag.

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Montag, L.F.A., Leão, H., Benone, N.L. et al. Contrasting associations between habitat conditions and stream aquatic biodiversity in a forest reserve and its surrounding area in the Eastern Amazon. Hydrobiologia 826, 263–277 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3738-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3738-1

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