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Unspecific histological and hematological alterations in anadromous and resident Salvelinus malma induced by volcanogenic pollution

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Abstract

The streams draining Kamchatkan volcanic areas are perfect natural models producing the long-lasting effects similar to inorganic anthropogenic pollution. The most abundant local fish species Salvelinus malma is able to reproduce under highly unfavorable conditions: contamination with heavy metals and mineral suspensions. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptability of the landlocked and anadromous populations in adverse conditions. Here, we examined the liver toxicant accumulation in the overwintered S. malma juveniles, as well as aberrations in gills, internal organs, and peripheral blood. Compared to the anadromous populations the landlocked populations demonstrate poor ability to develop the mechanisms of decreasing toxicants’ bioaccumulation. The sets of histological and hematological alterations demonstrated a striking similarity for both ecotypes, and the difference in occurrence of tissue alterations was mostly insignificant. Extreme negative effects of the heavily polluted environment were: the secondary lamellas’ fusion, necrosis of liver and spleen tissues, erythrocyte morphological abnormalities, and elimination of germ cells. We suppose that the resistance to organs’ malfunctions is not the main adaptive vector in S. malma populations in the polluted streams, and expect the same long-term pattern of injury in the resident fish populations under anthropogenic pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Yuriy V. Sorokin for his help in field sampling. The authors are grateful to Tatiana Gavrilova and Anastasia Sharapkova (Rosetta Stone MSU) for careful reading of the manuscript.

Funding

The field work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project no. 15-05-10198. Analysis of water content was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, Project No. 14-17-00155.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kronotsky Nature Biosphere Reserve, Ryabikova-48, Yelizovo, Russian Federation, 684000

    Evgeny V. Esin & Grigorii N. Markevich

  2. Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-75B, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992

    Alyona I. Nikiforova

  3. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, V. Krasnosel’skaya 17, Moscow, Russian Federation, 107140

    Elena V. Shulgina, Ksenia V. Metal’nikova, Alexandra V. Novosadova & Vsevolod N. Leman

  4. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991

    Dmitry V. Zlenko

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Esin, E.V., Nikiforova, A.I., Shulgina, E.V. et al. Unspecific histological and hematological alterations in anadromous and resident Salvelinus malma induced by volcanogenic pollution. Hydrobiologia 822, 237–257 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3687-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3687-8

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