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Bathynomus giganteus (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) and the canyon: a population genetics assessment of De Soto Canyon as a glacial refugium for the giant deep-sea isopod

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Abstract

Population genetics has gained popularity as a method to discover glacial refugia in terrestrial species, but has only recently been applied to the marine realm. The last glacial maxima occurred 20,000 years ago, decreasing sea levels by 120 m and exposing much of the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with the exception of De Soto Canyon (2100 m depth). The goal of this study was to determine whether population dynamics of the giant deep-sea isopod, Bathynomus giganteus, were better explained by habitat diversity or by the past presence of a marine glacial refugium in De Soto Canyon. To accomplish this we (1) measured genetic diversity in De Soto Canyon and adjacent regions, (2) characterized gene flow and connectivity between these regions, and (3) investigated historical changes to population size. We sequenced three mitochondrial loci (12S, 16S, and COI) from 212 individuals and also performed a next-generation sequencing pilot study using double digest Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing. We found high genetic diversity and connectivity throughout the study regions, migration between all three regions, low population differentiation, and evidence of population expansion. This study suggests that habitat heterogeneity, rather than the presence of a glacial refugium, has had an historical effect on the population dynamics of B. giganteus.

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Acknowledgements

This research was made possible in part by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative through the Florida Institute of Oceanography, a Grant to the Deep-C Consortium, and a Grant to the Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico (DEEPEND) Consortium. Funding was also provided by the Florida International University (FIU) Presidential Fellowship and the FIU Doctoral Evidence Acquisition Fellowship. All data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org (https://doi.org/10.7266/N7VX0F19). The authors would like to specially thank Dr. Mike Heithaus and Dr. Dean Grubbs for their support in sample collection. The authors also thank L. E. Timm’s PhD committee: Dr. José Eirin-Lopez, Dr. Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Dr. Eric von Wettberg, and Dr. Wensong Wu; as well as Ms. Emily Warschefsky, Mr. Joseph Ahrens, and Dr. Danielle DeLeo for additional comments and suggestions. Finally, the authors thank the anonymous reviewers for feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript. This is contribution #84 from the Center for Coastal Oceans Research in the Institute of Water and Environment at Florida International University.

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  1. Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151st St, MSB 330, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA

    L. E. Timm, B. Moahamed, D. A. Churchill & H. D. Bracken-Grissom

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  1. L. E. Timm
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  2. B. Moahamed
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Timm, L.E., Moahamed, B., Churchill, D.A. et al. Bathynomus giganteus (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) and the canyon: a population genetics assessment of De Soto Canyon as a glacial refugium for the giant deep-sea isopod. Hydrobiologia 825, 211–225 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3563-6

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