Abstract
This study reports on the cross-species amplification of 23 microsatellite markers previously developed for Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae), source of chocolate in three economically important Amazonian species of Theobroma (T. grandiflorum, T. subincanum, T. sylvestre). Thirteen of the 23 microsatellite loci tested were polymorphic across the three species at 2–13 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.18 to 0.84 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.87. The high level of transferability and genetic information content of these microsatellite loci indicate their usefulness for population genetic, mating system and breeding studies of these economically important Amazonian fruit trees.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Alves RM, Sebbenn AM, Artero AS, Figueira A (2006) Microsatellite loci transferability from Theobroma cacao to Theobroma grandiflorum. Mol Ecol Notes 6:1219–1221
Braga AC, Reis AMM, Leoi LT, Pereira RW, Collevatti RG (2007) Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the tropical tree species Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae). Mol Ecol Notes 7:53–56
Browder JO, Pedlowski MA (2000) Agroforestry performance on small farms in Amazonia: findings from the Rondonia Agroforestry Pilot Project. J Agroforestry Syst 49:63–83
Chase M, Kesseli R, Bawa K (1996) Microsatellite markers for population and conservation genetics of tropical trees. Am J Bot 83:51–57
Cheesman EE (1944) Notes on the nomenclature, classification and possible relationships of cocoa populations. Trop Agric 21:144–159
Collevatti RG, Brondani RV, Grattapaglia D (1999) Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of a Brazilian endangered tree species Caryocar brasiliense. Heredity 83:748–756
Creste S, Tulmann-Neto A, Figueira A (2001) Detection of single sequence repeat polymorphisms in denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels by silver staining. Plant Mol Biol Rep 19:299–306
Cuatrecasas J (1964) Cacao and its allies: a taxonomic revision of the genus Theobroma. Contr US Natl Herb 35:379–614
Dayanandan S, Bawa K, Kesseli R (1997) Conservation of microsatellites among tropical trees (Leguminosae). Am J Bot 84:1658–1663
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15
Ellegren H (2004) Microsatellites: simple sequences with complex evolution. Nature Reviews Genetics 5:435–445
Jarne P, Lagoda PJL (1996) Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back. Trends Ecol Evol 11:424–429
Lanaud C, Risterucci AM, Pieretti I, Falque M, Bouet A, Lagoda PJL (1999) Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Theobroma cacao L. Mol Ecol 8:2141–2152
Lewis PO, Zaykin D (2001) Genetic data analysis: computer program for the analysis of allelic data. Version 1.0 (d16c). Free program distributed by the authors over the Internet from http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/software.html
Litt M, Luty JA (1989) A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle action gene. Am J Hum Genet 444:397–401
Morgante M, Olivieri AM (1993) PCR-amplified microsatellites as markers in plant genetics. Plant J 3:175–182
Paetkau D, Calvert W, Stirling I, Strobeck C (1995) Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Mol Ecol 4:347–354
Peakall R, Gilmore S, Keys W, Morgante M, Rafalski A (1998) Cross-species amplification of soybean (Glycine max) simple sequence repeats (SSRs) within the genus and other legume genera: implications for the transferability of SSRs in plants. Mol Biol Evol 15(10):1275–1278
Roa AC, Chavarriaga-Aguirre P, Duque MC, Maya MM, Bonierbale MW, Iglesias C, Tohme J (2000) Cross-species amplification of cassava (Manihot esculenta) microsatellites: allelic polymorphism and degree of relationship. Am J Bot 87:1647–1655
Schmidt MJ (2003) Farming and patterns of agrobiodiversity on the Amazon floodplain in the vicinity of Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brazil. MSc thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Smith N, Dubois J, Current D, Lutz E, Clement C (1998) Agroforestry experiences in the Brazilian Amazon: constraints and opportunities. Pilot program to conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Recursos Hídricos e Amazônia Legal & World Bank, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Tautz D (1989) Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res 17:6463–6471
Varshney RK, Graner A, Sorrells ME (2005) Genic microsatellite markers in plants: features and applications. Trends Biotechnol 23:48–55
Weir BS (1996) Genetic data analysis II. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA, pp 209–212
White GM, Powell W (1997). Cross-species amplification of SSR loci in the Meliaceae family. Mol Ecol 6:1195–1197
Zane L, Bargelloni L, Patarnello T (2002) Strategies for microsatellite isolation: a review. Mol Ecol 11:1–16
Zucchi MI, Brondani RPV, Pinheiro JB, Brondani C, Vencovski R (2002) Transferability of microsatellite markers from Eucalyptus spp. to Eugenia dysenterica (Myrtaceae family). Mol Ecol Notes 2:512–513
Acknowledgements
Financial support was provided by CNPq-Brazil (Grant no. 469926/2000-7 to RG), PROBIO/MMA-Brazil (Project contract # 0114-00/04), and European Union (GENEO-TROPECO Project contract # ERBIC18CT970149). We would like to thank Chris Dick and Jimmy Grogan for revision of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lemes, M.R., Martiniano, T.M., Reis, V.M. et al. Cross-amplification and characterization of microsatellite loci for three species of Theobroma (Sterculiaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54, 1653–1657 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9277-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9277-7