Effect of Light on the Magnetic Properties of Semiconductors

Wolf, S.A., Awschalom, D.D., Buhrman, R.A., Daughton, J.M., von Molnar, S., Roukes, M.L., Chtchelkanova, A.Y., and Treger, D.M., Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future, Science (Washington, D.C., 1883-), 2001, vol. 294, pp. 1488–1495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation, Awschalom, D.D., Loss, D., and Samarth, N., Eds., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002.Google Scholar

Ball, P., Meet the Spin Doctors, Nature (London), 2000, vol. 404, p. 918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Awschalom, D.D. and Kikkawa, J. M., Electron Spin and Optical Coherence in Semiconductors, Phys. Today, 1999, vol. 52, no.6, pp. 33–38.Google Scholar

Molnar, S. and Read, D., Magneto-Transport in Magnetic Compound Semiconductors and Metals, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2002, vols. 242–245, p. 13.Google Scholar

Pearton, S.J., Abernathy, C.R., and Norton, D.P., Hebard, A.F., Park, Y.D., Boatner, L.A., and Budai, J.D., Advances in Wide Band Gap Materials for Semiconductor Spintronics, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, vol. 40, p. 137.Google Scholar

Pearton, S.J., Abernathy, C.R., Overberg, M.E., Thaler, G.T., Norton, D.P., Theodorpoulou, N., Hebard, A.F., Park, Y.D., Ren, F., Kim, J., and Boatner, L.A., Wide Band Gap Ferromagnetic Semiconductors and Oxides, J. Appl. Phys., 2003, vol. 93, p. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baibich, M.N., Broto, J.M., Fert, A., Nguyen F. Van Dau, and Petroff, F., Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1988, vol. 61, p. 2472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnas, J., Fuss, A., Camley, R., Grunberg, P., and Zinn, W., Novel Magnetoresistance Effect in Layered Magnetic Structures: Theory and Experiment, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1990, vol. 42, p. 8110.Google Scholar

Datta, S., Das B. Electronic Analog of the Electro-Optic Modulator, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1990, vol. 56, p. 665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burkard, G., Loss, D., and DiVincenzo, D.P., Coupled Quantum Dots on Quantum Gates, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1999, vol. 59, p. 2070.Google Scholar

Semiconductors and Semimetals, vol. 25 of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors, Furdyna, J.K. and Kossut, J., Eds., Boston: Academic, 1988.Google Scholar

Furdyna, J.K., Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, J.Appl. Phys., 1988, vol. 64, p. 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munekata, H., Ohno, H., Von Molnar, S., Segmuller, A., and Chang, L.L., and Esaki, L., Diluted Magnetic III–V Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989, vol. 63, p. 1849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohno, H., Shen, A., Matsukura, F., Oiwa, A., Endo, A., and Iye Y., (Ga,Mn)As: A New Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Based on GaAs, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1996, vol. 69, p. 363.Google Scholar

Ohno, H., Making Nonmagnetic Semiconductors Ferromagnetic, Science (Washington, D.C., 1883-), 1988, vol. 281, p. 951.Google Scholar

Ohno, Y., Young, D.K., Beschoten, B., Matsukura, F., Ohno, H., and Awschalom, D.D., Electrical Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Heterostructure, Nature (London), 1999, vol. 402, p. 790.Google Scholar

Beschoten, B., Crowell, P.A., Malajovich, I., Awschalom, D.D., Matsukura, F., Shen, A., and Ohno, H., Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Carrier-Induced Ferromagnetism in (Ga_{1 − x}Mn_x)As, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, vol. 83, p. 3073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohno, H., Chiba, D., Matsukura, F., Omiya, T., Abe, E., Dietl, T., Ohno Y., and Ohtani, K., Electric-Field Control of Ferromagnetism, Nature (London), 2000, vol. 408.Google Scholar

Das Sarma, S., Hwang, E.H., and Kaminski, A., How to Make Semiconductors Ferromagnetic: A First Course on Spintronics, Solid State Commun., 2003, vol. 127, p. 99.Google Scholar

Nagaev, E.L., Fizika magnitnykh poluprovodnikov (Physics of Magnetic Semiconductors), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.Google Scholar

Nagaev, E.L., Self-Localization of Carriers in Magnetic Semiconductors, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 1968, vol. 54, pp. 228–235.Google Scholar

Rho, H., Snow, C.S., Cooper, S.L., Fisk, Z., Comment, A., and Ansermet, J.-Ph., Evolution of Magnetic Polarons and Spin-Carrier Interactions through the Metal-Insulator Transition in Eu_{1 − x}Gd_xO, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, vol. 88, no.12, p. 127401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torrance, J.B., Shafer, M.W., and McGuire, T.R., Bound Magnetic Polarons and the Insulator-Metal Transition in EuO, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1972, vol. 29, p. 1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Snow, C.S., Cooper, S.L., Young, D.P., Fisk, Z., Comment, A., and Ansermet, J.-P., Magnetic Polarons and the Metal-Semiconductor Transitions in (Eu,La)B₆ and EuO: Raman Scattering Studies, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 2001, vol. 64, p. 174 412.Google Scholar

Dietl, T., Spin Order Manipulations in Nanostructures of II–VI Ferromagnetic Semiconductors, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2004, vols. 272–276, p. 1969.Google Scholar

Haury, A., Wasiela, A., Arnoult, A., Cibert, J., Tatarenko, S., Dietl, T., and Merle d'Aubigne, Y., Observation of a Ferromagnetic Transition Induced by Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Modulation-Doped CdMnTe Quantum Wells, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, vol. 79, p. 511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boukari, H., Kossacki, P., Bertolini, M., Ferrand, D., Cibert, J., Tatarenko, S., Wasiela, A., Gaj, J.A., and Dietl, T., Light and Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Quantum Structures, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, vol. 88.Google Scholar

Kimura, S., Sato, Y., Suzuki, T., and Ikezawa, M., Deep Magnetic Polaron State in Gd₂S₃, Physica B (Amsterdam), 1995, vols. 206–207, pp. 786–788.Google Scholar

Kasuya, T., Mechanism of Anomalies in High T _C CuO₂ Systems through Magnetic Polaron Condensation, Physica A (Amsterdam), 1999, vol. 312, pp. 239–246.Google Scholar

Bednorz, J.G. and Muller, K.A., Possible High T Superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O System, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 1986, vol. 64, p. 189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kasuya, T., Bose Condensation and High-T _C Superconductivity in La_{2 − x}Sr_xCuO₄, Physica C (Amsterdam), 1994, vol. 223, p. 233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kasuya, T., Double Layer Effect on Superconductivity in YBa₂Cu₃O_{6 + x}, Physica C (Amsterdam), 1994, vol. 224, p. 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kasuya, T., Physics in Low Carrier Strongly Correlated Systems: Kondo Insulator Magnetic Polaron and High T _C, Physica B (Amsterdam), 1995, vol. 215, p. 88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keimer, B., Belk, N., Birgeneau, R.J., Cassanho, A., Chen, C.Y., Greven, M., and Kastner, M.A., Magnetic Excitations in Pure, Lightly Doped, and Weakly Metallic La₂CuO₄, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1992, vol. 46, p. 14 034.Google Scholar

Kasuya, T., Condensation of Magnetic Polarons, J.Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. B, 1996, vol. 65, pp. 78–82.Google Scholar

Kohgi, M., Osakabe, T., Kakurai, K., Suzuki, T., Haga, Y., and Kasuya, T., Evidence for a Magnetic-Polaron State in the Low-Carrier System CeP, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1994, vol. 49, pp. 7068–7073.Google Scholar

Tranquada, J.M., Sternlieb, B.J., Axe, J.D., Nakamura, Y., and Uchida, S., Evidence for Stripe Correlations of Spins and Holes in Copper Oxide Superconductors, Nature (London), 1995, vol. 375, pp. 561–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, M.R., Ding, H., Randeria, M., Campuzano, J.C., Yokoya, T., Takeuchi, T., Takahashi, T., Mochiku, T., Kadowaki, K., Guptasarma, P., and Hinks, D.G., Destruction of the Fermi Surface in Underdoped High-T/Sub C/Superconductors, Nature (London), 1998, vol. 392.Google Scholar

Sato, K., Dederichs, P.H., Katayama-Yoshida, H., and Kudrnovsky, J., Magnetic Impurities and Materials Design for Semiconductor Spintronics, Physica B (Amsterdam), vols. 340–342, pp. 863–869.Google Scholar

Matsukura, F., Ohno, H., Shen, A., and Sugawara, Y., Transport Properties and Origin of Ferromagnetism in (Ga, Mn)As, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1998, vol. 57, p. 2037.Google Scholar

Bertolini, M., Maslana, W., Boukari, H., Gilles, B., Cibert, J., Ferrand, D., Tatarenko, S., Kossacki, P., and Gaj, J.A., New Structures for Carrier-Controlled Ferromagnetism in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe Quantum Wells, J. Cryst. Growth, 2003, vol. 251, pp. 342–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boukari, H., Bertolini, M., Cibert, J., Ferrand, D., Genuist, Y., Tatarenko, S., Kossacki, S., Gaj, J.A., and Dietl, T., Light and Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism in CdMnTe Based Quantum Wells, Phys. Status Solidi, 2002, vol. 229, p. 737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boukari, H., Kossacki, P., Bertolini, M., Ferrand, D., Cibert, J., Tatarenko, S., Wasiela, A., Gaj, J.A., and Dietl, T., Light and Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism in Magnetic Quantum Structures, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, vol. 88.Google Scholar

Matsukura, F., Chiba, D., Omiya T., Abe, E., Dietl, T., Ohno, Y., Ohtani, K., and Ohno, H., Control of Ferromagnetism in Field-Effect Transistor of a Magnetic Semiconductor, Physica E (Amsterdam), 2002, vol. 12, pp. 351–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wolff, P.A., Semiconductors and Semimetals, Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, New York: Academic, 1988, vol. 25, p. 413.Google Scholar

Benoit a la Guillaume, C., Semenov, Y., and Combescot, M., Free Magnetic Polaron: A Nonlinear Hamiltonian Approach, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1995, vol. 51, p. 14124.Google Scholar

Takeyama, S., Adachi, S., Takagi, Y., Karczewski, G., Wojtowicz, T., Kossut J., and Karasawa, T., Photo-Induced Magnetic Polarons in Low-Dimensional Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors, Mater. Sci. Eng., B., 1999, vol. 63, pp. 111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yakovlev, D.R., Uraltsev, I.N., Ossau, W., Landwehr, G., Bicknell-Tassius, R.N., Waag, A., and Schmeusser, S., Two-Dimensional Exciton Magnetic Polaron in Semimagnetic Quantum Wells, Surf. Sci., 1992, vol. 263, p. 485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stirner, T., Harrison, P., Hagston, W.E., and Goodwin, J.P., Theoretical Investigation of Observed Magnetic-Polaron Energies in Quantum Wells, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1994, vol. 50, p. 5713.Google Scholar

Kavokin, A.V. and Kavokin, K.V., Theory of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Polarons in an External Magnetic Field, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 1993, vol. 8, p. 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Karpenko, B.V. and Berdyshev, A.A., Exchange Interaction via Current Carriers in Ordered Semiconducting Magnets, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 1964, vol. 5, p. 2494.Google Scholar

Nagaev, E.L., Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Semiconductors, Sov. Phys. Usp, 1975, vol. 18, pp. 863–919.Google Scholar

Afanas'ev, M.M., Kompman, M.E., and Merkulov, I.A., Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1976, vol. 2, pp. 228–233.Google Scholar

Lakhno, V.D. and Nagaev, E.L., Nondissipative Photoferromagnetism in Magnetic Semiconductors, Z. Eksp. Teor. Fiz, 1978, vol. 74, pp. 2123–2130.Google Scholar

Gopalan, S. and Cottam, M.G., Theory of Surface and Bulk Excitations in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1990, vol. 42, pp. 10 311–10 316.Google Scholar

Haas, C., Ferromagnetic Properties of Spinels, Crit. Rev. Solid State Sci., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 47–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Suski T., Igalson, J., and Story, T., Ferromagnetism of (Pb,Sn,Mn)Te under High Pressure, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1987, vol. 66, p. 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haury, A., Wasiela, A., Arnoult, A., Cibert, J., Tatarenko, S., Dietl, T., and Merle d'Aubigne, Y., Observation of a Ferromagnetic Transition Induced by Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Modulation-Doped CdMnTe Quantum Wells, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, vol. 79, p. 511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kossacki, P., Ferrand, D., Arnoult, A., Cibert, J., Tatarenko, S., Wasiela, A., Merle d'Aubigne, Y., Staihli, J.-L., Ganiere, J.-D., Bardyszewski, W., Swiatek, K., Sawicki, M., Wrobel, J., and Dietl, T., Ordered Magnetic Phase in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe/Cd_{1 − y − z}Mg_yZn_zTe: N Heterostructures: Magnetooptical Studies, Physica E (Amsterdam), 2000, vol. 6, p. 709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sato, K., Medvedkin, G.A., Nishi, T., Hasegawa, Y., Misawa, R., Hirose, K., and Ishibashi, T., Ferromagnetic Phenomenon Revealed in the Chalcopyrite Semiconductor CdGeP₂: Mn, J. Appl. Phys., 2001, vol. 89, p. 7027.Google Scholar

Overberg, M.E., Gila, B.P., Thaler, G.T., Abernathy, C.R., Pearton, S.J., Theodoropoulou, N.A., McCarthy, K.T., Arnason, S.B., Hebard, A.F., Chu, S.N.G., Wilson, R.G., Zavada, J.M., and Park, Y.D., Room Temperature Magnetism in GaMnP Produced by Both Ion Implantation and Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, J. Vac. Technol., B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct.-Process., Meas., Phenom., 2002, vol. 20, p. 969.Google Scholar

Dietl, T., Ohno, H., Matsukura, F., Cubert, J., and Ferrand, D., Zener Model Description of Ferromagnetism in Zinc-Blende Magnetic Semiconductors, Science (Washington, D.C., 1883-), 2000, vol. 287, p. 1019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dietl, T., Haury, A., and Merle d'Aubigne, Y., Free Carrier-Induced Ferromagnetism in Structures of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1997, vol. 55, p. 3347.Google Scholar

Reed, M.L., El-Masry, N.A., Stadelmaier, H., Ritums, M.E., Reed, N.J., Parker, C.A., Roberts, J.C., and Bedair, S.M., Room Temperature Ferromagnetic Properties of (Ga,Mn)N, Appl. Phys. Lett, 2001, vol. 79, p. 3473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Theodoropoulou, N., Hebard, A.F., Overberg, M.E., Abernathy, C.R., Pearton, S.J., Chu, S.N.G., and Wilson, R.G., Magnetic and Structural Properties of Mn-Implanted GaN, Appl. Phys. Lett, 2001, vol. 78, p. 3475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sonoda, S., Shimizu, S., Sasaki, T., Yamamoto, Y., and Hori, H., Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Wurtzite (Ga,Mn)N Films on Sapphire(0001) Showing the Ferromagnetic Behaviour at Room Temperature, J. Cryst. Growth, 2002, vols. 237–239, p. 1358.Google Scholar

Sasaki, T., Sonoda, S., Yamamoto, Y., Suga, K., Shimizu, S., Kindo, K., and Hori, H., Magnetic and Transport Characteristics on High Curie Temperature Ferromagnet of Mn-Doped GaN, J. Appl. Phys., 2002, vol. 91, p. 7911.Google Scholar

Thaler, G.T., Overberg, M.E., Gila, B., Frazier, R., Abernathy, C.R., Pearton, S.J., Lee, J.S., Lee, S.Y., Park, Y.D., Khim, Z.G., Kim, J., and Ren, F., Magnetic Properties of n-GaMnN Thin Films, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002, vol. 80, p. 3964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Park, H.-J., Lee, Y.C., Cho, S.-Y., Jeong, C.R., and Cho, S., Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Cr-Doped GaN Single Crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002, vol. 80, p. 4187.Google Scholar

Hashimoto, M., Zhou, Y.-K., Kanamura, M., and Asahi, H., High Temperature (>400 K) Ferromagnetism in III–V-Based Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor GaCrN Grown by ECR Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, Solid State Commun., 2002, vol. 122, p. 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Overberg, M.E., Abernathy, C.R., Pearton, S.J., Theodoropoulou, N.A., McCarthy, K.T., and Hebard, A.F., Indication of Ferromagnetism in Molecular-Beam-Epitaxy-Derived n-Type GaMnN, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2001, vol. 79, p. 1312.Google Scholar

Kim, K.H., Lee, K.J., Kim, D.J., Kim, H.J., Ihm, Y.E., Djayaprawira, D., Takahashi, M., Kim, C.S., Kim, C.G., and Yoo, S.H., Magnetotransport of p-Type GaMnN Assisted by Highly Conductive Precipitates, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, vol. 82, p. 1775.Google Scholar

Dhar, S., Brandt, O., Trampert, A., Daweriz, L., Friendland, K.J., Ploog, K.H., Keller, J., Beschoten B., and Guntherodt, G., Origin of High-Temperature Ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)N Layers Grown on 4H-SiC(0001) by Reactive Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2003, vol. 82, p. 2077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Katayama-Yoshida, H. and Sato, K., Spin and Charge Control Method of Ternary II–VI and III–V Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics: Theory vs. Experiment, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2003, vol. 64, pp. 1447–1452.Google Scholar

Warczewski, J. and Krok-Kowalski, J., Magnetic, Electrical, and Structural Properties of Some Ternary and Quaternary Spinels with Chromium, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2003, vol. 64, pp. 1609–1614.Google Scholar

Lotgering, F.K., Coordination of Cr and Magnetic Properties, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Magnetism, Nottingham, 1964, pp. 533–539.Google Scholar

Lotgering, F.K., On the Antiferromagnetism of ZnCr₂Se₄, Solid State Commun., 1965, vol. 3, p. 347.Google Scholar

Kubiak, S., Zarek, W., Drzazga, Z., Krok, J., and Chejkowski, A., Magnetic Properties of the Chalcogenide Spinels CdCr₂S₄, CdCr₂Se₄, HgCr₂S₄, HgCr₂Se₄, Acta Phys. Pol., A, 1974, vol. 5, p. 819.Google Scholar

Krok, J., Spalek, J., Juszczyk, S., and Warczewski, J., Effect of Double Exchange on Magnetic Properties of Cu_xZn_{1 − x}Cr₂Se₄, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1983, vol. 28, p. 6499.Google Scholar

Warczewski, J., Krok-Kowalski, J., Koroleva, L.I., Mydlarz, T., Gilewski, A., and Pacyna, A., Double Exchange Magnetic Interaction and Giant Negative Magnetoresistivity in the Spin Glass State of the New Compound CuCr_1.6Sb_0.4S₄, J. Alloys Compd., 2001, vol. 319, p. 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krok-Kowalski, J., Warczewski, J., Gusin, P., Liszkowski, P., Krajewski, K., Koroleva, L.I., Pacyna, A., Mydlarz, T., and Matyjasik, S., Influence of the Sb Concentration onto the Spin Glass State in the Spinel Compounds CuCr_{2 − x}Sb_xS₄, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2002, vols. 242–245, pp. 921–923.Google Scholar

Krok-Kowalski, J., Warczewski, J., and Nikiforov, K., Correlations of the Magnetic and Electrical Properties with the Ionic Radii of Cations and Anions for the Series of Ternary and Quaternary Spinel-Type Chromium Compounds, J. Alloys Compd., 2001, vol. 315, pp. 62–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shannon, R.D., Revised Effective Ionic Radii and Systematic Studies of Interatomic Distances in Halides and Chalcogenides, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr., 1976, vol. 32, p. 751.Google Scholar

Tang, J.K., Li, L., Saxena, S.S., Puri, A., Falster, A.U., and Simons, W.B., The Effects of Arsenic Doping on the Magnetic Properties of CuCr₂Se₄, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1994, vol. 30, p. 4972.Google Scholar

Baran, M., Szymczak, R., Szymczak, H., and Tsurkan, V., Spin Glass Like Behavior of Magnetization in Anion Substituted CuCr₂Se₄ Magnetic Semiconductor, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1995, vols. 140–144, p. 2043.Google Scholar

Krupicka, S. and Novak, P., Oxide Spinels, in Ferromagnetic Materials, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982, pp. 189–304.Google Scholar

Van Stapele, R.P., Sulphospinel, in Ferromagnetic Materials, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982, pp. 603–745.Google Scholar

Okonska-Kozlowska, I., Kopyczok, J., Lutz, H.D., and Stingl, T., Single-Crystal Structure Refinement of Spinel-Type CuCr₂Se₄, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C: Struct. Commun., 1993, vol. 49, p. 1448.Google Scholar

Colominas, C., Neutron-Diffraction Investigation of CuCr₂Se₄ and CuCr₂Te₄, Phys. Rev., 1967, vol. 153, p. 558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Robbins, M., Lehmann, H.W., and White, J.G., Neutron Diffraction and Electrical Transport Properties of CuCr₂Se₄, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1967, vol. 28, p. 897.Google Scholar

Kanomata, T., Ido, H., and Kaneko, T., Effect of Pressure on Curie Temperature of Chalcogenide Spinels CuCr₂ X ₄ (X = S, Se, and Te), J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1970, vol. 29, pp. 332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nakatani, L., Nose, H., and Masumoto, K.H., J. Jpn. Inst. Metal., 1977, vol. 41, p. 939.Google Scholar

Okonska-Kozlowska, I., Krok, J., and Anorg, Z., Formation of Crystalline Solid Solution in System Zn_{1 − x}Cu_xCr₂Se₄, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1978, vol. 447, p. 235.Google Scholar

Goodenough, J.B., Tetrahedral-Site Copper in Chalcogenide Spinels, Solid State Commun., 1967, vol. 5, p. 577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lotgering, F.K. and van Stapele, R.P., Magnetic Properties and Electrical Conduction of Copper-Containing Sulfo-and Selenospinels, J. Appl. Phys., 1968, vol. 39, p. 417.Google Scholar

Ogata, F., Hamajima, T., Kambara, T., and Gondara, K., The Spin-Polarised Electronic Band Structure of Chromium Spinels: II. CuCr₂Se₄ and CuCr₂Te₄, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 1982, vol. 15, p. 3483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winiarski, A., Okonska-Kozlowska, I., Heimann, J., and Neumann, M., Investigation of Cu_xGa_yCr_zSe₄ Single Crystals, J. Alloys Comp., 1996, vol. 232, p. 63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Belov, K.P., Koroleva, L.I., Shalimova, M.A., and Batorova, S.D., Some Peculiarities of Electric and Magnetic Properties of Cd_{1 − x}Cu_xCr₂Se₄, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 1975, vol. 17, p. 197.Google Scholar

Rodic, D., Antic, B., Tellgren, R., Rundlof, H., and Blanusa, J., A Change of Magnetic Moment of Cr Ion with the Magnetic Phase Transition in CuCr₂Se₄, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1998, vol. 187, pp. 88–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bhattacharjee, A.K. and Benoit a La Guillaume, C., Exciton Magnetic Polaron in Semimagnetic Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1997, vol. 55, no.16, p. 10613.Google Scholar

Wang, Y. and Herron, N., Nanometer-Sized Semiconductor Clusters: Materials Synthesis, Quantum Size Effects, and Photophysical, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, vol. 95, p. 525.Google Scholar

Murray, C.B., Norris, D.J., and Bawendi, M.G., Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse Cd_E (E = S, Se,Te) Semiconductor, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, vol. 115, p. 8706.Google Scholar

Norris, D.J., Sacra, A., Murray, C.B., and Bawendi, M.G., Measurement of the Size Dependent Hole Spectrum in CdSe Quantum Dots, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, vol. 72, p. 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benoit a la Guillaume, C., Exciton Magnetic Polaron in Semimagnetic Semiconductor Nanocrystals, in Proceedings of the XXII International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors, Vancouver, 1994, p. 2585.Google Scholar

Golnik, A., Ginter, J., and Gaj, J.A., Magnetic Polarons in Exciton Luminescence of Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 1983, vol. 16, p. 6073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akinaga, H., Takita, K., Sasaki, S., Takeyama, S., Miura, N., Nakayama, T., Minami, F., and Inoue, K., Optical Properties and Dynamical Behavior of Localized and Bound Excitons in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe (x = 0.04) Grown by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1992, vol. 46, p. 13 136.Google Scholar

Mackh, G., Ossau, W., Yakovlev, D.R., Waag, A., Landwehr, G., Hellmann, R., and Gobel, E.O., Localized Exciton Magnetic Polarons in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1994, vol. 49, p. 10 248.Google Scholar

Yakovlev, D.R., Ossau, W., Landwehr, G., Bicknell-Tassius, R.N., Waag, A., Schmeusser, S., and Uraltsev, I.N., Two Dimensional Exciton Magnetic Polaron in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe Quantum Well Structures, Solid State Commun., 1992, vol. 82, p. 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mackh, G., Ossau, W., Yakovlev, D.R., Hellmann, R., Gobel, E.O., Wojtowicz, T., Karczewski, G., Kossut, J., and Landwehr, G., Two Dimensional Exciton Magnetic Polaron in CdTe/Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe Quantum Well Structures, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Semiconductor Heteroepitaxy, Montpellier, 1995, p. 210.Google Scholar

Nhung Tran Hong and Planel, R., Quantitative Measurements of Magnetic Polaron Binding on Acceptors in CdMnTe Alloys, Physica A (Amsterdam), 1983, vols. 117–118, p. 488.Google Scholar

Bhattacharjee, A.K., Planel, R., and Benoit a la Guillaume, C., Nanocrystals of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, in Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors, San Francisco, 1984, p. 1431.Google Scholar

Nhung Tran Hong, Planel, R., Benoit a la Guillaume, C., and Bhattacharjee, A.K., Acceptor-Bound Magnetic Polaron in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe Semimagnetic Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1985, vol. 31, p. 2388.Google Scholar

Warnock, J. and Wolff, P.A., Spherical Model of Acceptor-Associated Bound Magnetic Polarons, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1985, vol. 31, p. 6579.Google Scholar

Heiman, D., Warnock, J., Wolff, P.A., Kershaw, R., Ridgley, D., Dwight, K., and Wold, A., Polarized Photoluminescence from Bound Magnetic Polarons in (Cd,Mn) Se, Solid State Commun., 1984, vol. 52, p. 909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scalbert, D., Nawrocki, M., Benoit a la Guillaume, C., and Cernogora, J., Anisotropy of Magnetic Polarons Bound to Acceptors in Sd_{1 − x}Mn_xSe, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 1986, vol. 33, p. 4418.Google Scholar

Bhattacharjee, A.K., Crystal-Field Model for Acceptor-Associated Bound Magnetic Polarons in Wurtzite Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. A: Condens. Matter., 1987, vol. 35, p. 9108.Google Scholar

Wang, Y., Herron, N., Moller, K., and Bein, T., Three-Dimensionally Confined Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Clusters: Zn_{1 − x}Mn_xS, Solid State Commun., 1991, vol. 77, p. 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bhargava, R.N., Gallagher, D., Hong, X., and Nurmikko, A., Optical Properties of Manganese-Doped Nanocrystals of ZnS, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994, vol. 72, p. 416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yanata, K., Suzuki, K., and Oka, Y., Magneto-Optical Studies on Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xSe Quantum Dots, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Suppl., 1995, vol. 34-1, p. 164.Google Scholar

Maksimov, A.A., Bacher, G., McDonald, A., Kulakovskii, V.D., and Forchel, A., Magnetic Polarons in a Single Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Quantum Dot, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter., 2000, vol. 62, p. 7767.Google Scholar

Tver'yanovich, Yu.S. and Gutenev, M.S., Magnetokhimiya stekloobraznykh poluprovodnikov (Magnetochemistry of Vitreous Semiconductors), St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Gos. Univ., 1997.Google Scholar

Tver'yanovich, Y.S. and Borisova, Z.U., On the Doping of Chalcogenide Glassy Semiconductors, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1987, vol. 90, nos.1–3, pp. 405–412.Google Scholar

Gutenev, M.S., Tver'yanovich, Yu.S., Krasil'nikova, A.P., and Kochemirovskii, V.A., Dielectric Spectroscopy of Chalcogenide Glasses Doped with Transition Metals, Fiz. Khim. Stekla, 1989, vol. 15, no.1, pp. 84–90.Google Scholar

Tver'yanovich, Yu.S., Gutenev, M.S., and Borisova, Z.U., Microinhomogeneity of Sb₁₉Ge₂₂Se₅₉ Glass Doped with Cobalt, Neorg. Mater., 1987, vol. 23, no.10, pp. 1749–1750.Google Scholar

Shamoto, S., Tazawa, H., Ono, Y., Nakano, T., Nozue, Y., and Kajitani, T., Light-Induced Metal-Insulator Transition in Lu₂V₂O₇, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2001, vol. 62, pp. 325–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shimakawa, Y., Kubo, Y., and Manako, T., Giant Magnetoresistance in Tl₂Mn₂O₇ with the Pyrochlore Structure, Nature (London), 1996, vol. 379, p. 53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lang, D.V. and Logan, R.A., Large-Lattice-Relaxation Model for Persistent Photoconductivity in Compound Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1977, vol. 39, p. 635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oka, Y., Shen, J., Takabayashi, K., Takahashi, N., Mitsu, H., Souma, I., and Pittini, R., Dynamics of Excitonic Magnetic Polarons in Nanostructure Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, J. Lumin., 1999, vols. 83–84, pp. 83–89.Google Scholar

Furdyna, J.K. and Kossut, J., Semiconductors and Semimetals, in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, New York: Academic, 1988, vol. 25.Google Scholar

Mackh, G., Ossau, W., Yakovlev, D.R., Waag, A., Landwehr, G., Hellmann, R., and Gobel, E.O., Localized Exciton Magnetic Polarons in Cd_{1 − x}Mn_xTe, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1994, vol. 49, p. 10248.Google Scholar

Mackh, G., Ossau, W., Yakovlev, D.R., Waag, A., Litz, T., and Landwehr, G., Exciton Magnetic Polarons in Semimagnetic Quantum Wells with Nonmagnetic and Semimagnetic Barriers, Solid State Commun., 1993, vol. 88, p. 221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miao, J., Stirner, T., and Hagston W.E., Magnetic Localization of Free Exciton Magnetic Polarons in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, J. Appl. Phys., 1997, vol. 81, p. 6297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar