Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp 189–201 | Cite as

Insulin-like growth factor I of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica: cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and expression after treatment with growth hormone and seawater acclimation

  • Shunsuke Moriyama
  • Kiyoko Yamaguchi
  • Tomomi Takasawa
  • Hiroaki Chiba
  • Hiroshi Kawauchi
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

In an attempt to understand growth regulation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, we cloned insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) cDNAs and examined their mRNA expression in several tissues. Two eel IGF-I (eIGF-I) cDNAs encoding preprohormones, eIGF-I-Ea1and eIGF-I-Ea2, were cloned from the liver by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The preproIGF-Is were identical in signal peptide and mature IGF-I, but different in the E domain—eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was 36 bp longer than eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA. Eel IGF-I was 83–94% identical with that of teleosts, 71% identical with that of dogfish, 87% identical with that of bullfrog and chicken, and 83% identical with that of humans. In both males and females the highest eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver, with detectable levels also found in the gills, heart, stomach, spleen, kidney, intestine, swim-bladder, muscle, and gonads. eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels in the liver were higher in females than in males whereas in the intestine they were lower than in males. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was detected in all the tissues examined and at similar levels in males and females. In this experiment higher eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver of larger glass eels than in those of smaller fish. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA levels were also higher in larger eels, although they were lower than IGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels. Both eIGF-I mRNA levels in liver were positively correlated with the body size of the␣glass eels. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant eel GH (reGH), 0.25 µg g−1 body weight, into glass eels resulted in a significant increase in both eIGF-I mRNAs in the liver 1 day after injection compared with control fish, but no elevation was observed 2 days after injection. Incubation of liver slices with reGH at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1,000 ng  mL−1 for 24 h resulted in a significant concentration-dependent increase in the levels of both eIGF-I mRNAs. Higher levels of eIGF-I-Ea1 and Ea2 mRNA were observed in the gills ofseawater-reared eels than in those of freshwater-reared fish, but no differenceswere observed in the whole kidney. These results suggest that IGF-I is involved in the regulation of somatic growth and also in adaptation of the Japanese eel to seawater.

Keywords

Cloning Growth Growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor-I Japanese eel mRNA expression 

Abbreviations

GH

Growth hormone

IGF-I

Insulin-like growth factor-I

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by a Grant-in aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (12760131) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture to S.M. and also from the Fisheries Agency to H.K. and S.M.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  • Shunsuke Moriyama
    • 1
  • Kiyoko Yamaguchi
    • 1
    • 2
  • Tomomi Takasawa
    • 1
  • Hiroaki Chiba
    • 1
  • Hiroshi Kawauchi
    • 1
  1. 1.School of Fisheries SciencesKitasato UniversitySanriku, IwateJapan
  2. 2.Medical-TechnologyKitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic SciencesYamato, NiigataJapan

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