Euphytica

, Volume 149, Issue 1–2, pp 189–198 | Cite as

Leaf Waxes of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Relation to Ecozone and Resistance to Xanthomonas Blight

  • Valerien Zinsou
  • Kerstin Wydra
  • Bonaventure Ahohuendo
  • Lukas Schreiber
Article
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Summary

To elucidate the role of leaf surface structures as first barriers to confer resistance to bacterial blight, leaf stomata and their occlusion with leaf waxes were studied in cassava genotypes. For the first time, cassava leaf waxes were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Comparing the susceptible and resistant standard genotypes BEN86052 and TMS30572, respectively, the total quantity of triterpenes was significantly higher in the resistant genotype, grown in three ecozones of Benin. In cuticular leaf waxes of seven cassava genotypes the triterpenes beta amyrins, epi-taraxerol, taraxerone and taraxerol were dominant constituents across genotypes, and alkanes (C25-C33) and acids (C30 and C32) occurred in minor concentrations. Comparing seven genotypes, no clear relation between resistance or ecozones and total quantities of the major wax constituents was observed. Only the highly resistant genotype TMS30572 showed high triterpene levels irrespective of ecozone. Scanning electron-microscopy revealed a regular distribution of waxes at the abaxial leaf surface, covering and occluding stomatal pores of susceptible and resistant genotypes, while on the adaxial leaf surface waxes were in form of crystalloids and did not occlude the stomata. The number of stomata on the abaxial surfaces was about 7–11 fold higher than on the adaxial surfaces, where stomata were located along the midrib and major veins. No significant differences in stomata number were observed between genotypes varying in resistance to bacterial blight. It is suggested, that stomata on the adaxial surface might be portals of entry for the bacteria.

Keywords

cassava genotypes ecozones Manihot esculenta scanning electron microscopy Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis X. campestris pv. manihotis 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  • Valerien Zinsou
    • 1
    • 2
  • Kerstin Wydra
    • 2
  • Bonaventure Ahohuendo
    • 1
  • Lukas Schreiber
    • 3
  1. 1.Faculté des Sciences AgronomiqueUniversité Nationale du BéninCotonouBenin
  2. 2.Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant ProtectionUniversity of HannoverHannoverGermany
  3. 3.Ecophysiology of Plants—Institute of BotanyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany

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