The Environmentalist

, Volume 31, Issue 3, pp 288–298 | Cite as

Morphological and anatomical effects of crude oil on Pistia stratiotes

  • Akintunde Abdul-Rasaq Akapo
  • S. O. Omidiji
  • A. A. Otitoloju
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Fresh whole plants of Pistia stratiotes were exposed to varying doses of crude oil (0–100 ppm) for 28 days at normal temperature of 30 ± 2°C. Samples were taken weekly during this period for determination of changes in leaf area, root length, number of leaves, and number of sprouts. The cross-section of one terminal end of the major roots and cellular distribution of the meristematic region were also examined. The results show that crude oil was toxic to the plant at all concentrations in all investigated parameters for as low as 10 ppm. Association was also observed between crude oil toxicity and certain metals inherent in the crude oil such as manganese and lead. Cell shape disruptions, changes in mitotic indices, and the distortion of cellular anatomy and structure at the apical region also characterized the presence of crude oil in the environment of P. stratiotes. P. stratiotes may not be a good bio-accumulator of crude oil but may be used for the detection of pollution.

Keywords

Crude oil pollution Pistia stratiotes Cytotoxicity Morphological aberrations in Pistia stratiotes Anatomical aberrations Crude oil pollution in Nigeria 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Afolabi ON, Adeyemi SA, Imevbore AMA (1985). Studies of the toxicity of some Nigerian crude oils to some aquatic organisms. In: Proceedings of the international seminar on the petroleum industry and the Nigerian environment. FMW&HH/NNPC, pp 269–273Google Scholar
  2. Amakiri JO, Onafeghara FA (1983) Effect of crude oil pollution on the growth of Zea mays, Abelmoshcus esculentus and Capsicum frusctescens. Oil Petrochem Pollut J 2(3):199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0143-7127(83)90182-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Anoliefo GO (1991) Forcados blend crude oil effect in respiration, metabolism, elemental composition and growth of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad). Ph.D. Thesis, Benin, pp 6–30Google Scholar
  4. Anoliefo GO, Vwioko DE (1995) Effects of spent lubricating oil on the growth of Capsicum annum L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Environ Pollut 88:361–364. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(95)93451-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Atuanya EI (1987) Effect of waste engine oil pollution on physical and chemical properties of soil: a case study of waste oil contaminated delta soil in Bendel State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci 5:155–176Google Scholar
  6. Beauford W, Barber J, Barringer AR (1977) The uptake and distribution of mercury chloride (HgC12) within higher plants (Pisum sativum). Physiol Plant 39:261. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb01880.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. De Jong E (1980) The effects of a crude oil spill on cereals. Environ Pollut 22:187–196. doi: 10.1016/0143-1471(80)90013-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Garrity SD, Levings SC (1990) Effects of an oil spill on the gastropods of a tropical inter-tidal reef flat. Mar Environ Res 30:119–153. doi: 10.1016/0141-1136(90)90014-F CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Ghavzan JN, Gunale VR, Mahajan DM, Shirke DR (2006) Effects of environmental factors on ecology and distribution of aquatic macrophytes. Asian J Plant Sci 5(5):871–880. doi: 10.3923/ajps.2006.871.880 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Ghouse AKM, Zaidi SH, Atiaque A (1980) Effect of pollution on the foiliar organs of Callistemon citrinus Stap-f. J Sci Res 2:207–209Google Scholar
  11. Gill LS, Sandota RMA (1976) Effect of foliarly applied ccc on the growth of Phaseolus aureus Roxb. (mung or green gram). Bangladesh J Biol Sci 15:35–40Google Scholar
  12. Hanif M, Daves MS (1998) Effect of NaCl on the maristan size and proximity of first root hair from the root cap boundary in root meristen of Triticum aestivum L. CVs Lyallpur 73, Pak 81 and LU-26-S. Pak J Biol Sci 1:1–4. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.1998.1.4
  13. Howell WM, Keller GE III, Kirkpatrick JD, Jenkins RL, Hunsinger RN, McLaughlin EW (2007) Effects of the plant steroidal hormone, 24-epibrassinolide, on the mitotic index and growth of onion (Allium cepa) root tips. Genet Mol Res 6(1):50–58Google Scholar
  14. McLaughlin SB, Norby RJ (1991) Atmospheric pollution and terrestrial vegetation: evidence of changes, linkages and significance to selection processes. In: Taylor GE Jr, Pitelka LF, Cleggs MT (eds) Ecological genetics and air pollution. Springer, New York, pp 61–101Google Scholar
  15. Monni S, Salemaa M, White C, Tuittila E, Huopalainen M (2000) Copper resistance of Calluna vulgaris originating from the pollution gradient of a Cu-Ni smelter in southwest Finland. Environ Pollut 109:211–219. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00265-1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Murphy JF, Riley JP (1929) Some effects of crude petroleum on nitrate production, seed germination and growth. Soil Sci J 27:117–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. National Research Council (NRC) (1985) Oil in the sea—inputs, fates and effects. National Research Council Marine Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
  18. Niaz M, Rasul E (1998) Aquatic macrophytes as biological indicators for pollution management studies. III: Comparative growth analysis of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes to different salts commonly present in Factory effluents. Pak J Biol Sci 1(3):241–243. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.1998.241.243 Google Scholar
  19. Odjeigba V, Fasidi I (2004) Accumulation of trace elements by Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce): implication for phytoremediation. Soc Environ Toxicol Chem 4:490Google Scholar
  20. Odjeigba VJ, Sadiq AO (2002) Effects of spent engine oil on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and protein levels of Amaranthus hybridus L. Environmentalist 22:23–28. doi: 10.1023/A:1014515924037 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Odu CTI (1978) Effects of nutrients application and aeration on oil degradation. Soil Environ Pollut 15:235. doi: 10.1016/0013-9327(78)90069-1 Google Scholar
  22. Odu CTI (1981). Degradation and weathering of crude oil under tropical conditions. In: Proceedings of a seminar on the petroleum industry and the Nigeria environment VI, pp 143-105Google Scholar
  23. Odunlami A (1998). Characterization of soil samples from Koko site of illegal dumping of toxic waste from Italy. MSc thesis, University of Ibadan, NigeriaGoogle Scholar
  24. Ogboghodo IA, Iruaga EA, Osemwota IO, Chokor JU (2004) An assessment of the effects of crude pollution on soil properties, germination and growth of maize (Zea mays) using two crude types—Forcados light and Escravos light. Environ Monit Assess 96:143–152. doi: 10.1023/B:EMAS.0000031723.62736.24 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Otitoloju AA, Adeoye OA (2003) Tainting and weight changes in Tilapia guineensis exposed to sub lethal doses of crude oil. Biosci Res Commun 15(1):91–99Google Scholar
  26. Pezeshki SR, Hester MW, Lin Q, Nyman JA (2000) The effects of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf coast marsh macrophytes: a review. Environ Pollut 108:129–139. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00244-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Powell CB, Baranowska-Dtiewicz B, Isoun M, Ibiebele DD, Ofoegbi FU, Whyte SA (1985). Oshika oil spill environmental impact: effect on aquatic environment. In: Proceedings of the international seminar on the petroleum industry and the Nigerian environment. FMW&H/NNPC, Kaduna, pp 181–201Google Scholar
  28. Reeves R, Baker AJM (2000) Metal-accumulating plants. In: Raskin I, Ensley BD (eds) Phytoremediation of toxic metals: using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York, pp 193–229Google Scholar
  29. Salim R, Al-Subu MM, Atallah A (1993) Effects of root and foliar treatments with lead, cadmium and copper on the uptake, distribution and growth of radish plants. Environ Int 19:393–404. doi: 10.1016/0160-4120(93)90130-A CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Spies RB, Rice SD, Wolfe BA (1996) The effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on the Alaskan coastal environment. In: Rice SD, Spies RB, Wolfe DA, Wright BA (eds) Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez oil spill symposium. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, pp 1–16Google Scholar
  31. Stafford GA (1973) Essentials of plant physiology, 2nd edn. Heinemann Education Books Ltd, LondonGoogle Scholar
  32. Toogood JA, Rowell MJ (1977) Reclamation experiment in the field. In Toogood JA (ed) The reclamation of agricultural soils after oil spill, part 1, pp 34–64Google Scholar
  33. Udo EJ, Fayemi AAA (1975) Effects of oil pollution of soil on germination growth and nutrient update of corn. J Environ Q 4(4):537–540CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Vwioko DE, Anoliefo GO, Fashemi SD (2006) Metal concentration in plant tissues of Ricinus communis L. (castor oil) grown in soil contaminated with spent lubricating oil. J Appl Sci Environ Manage 10(3):127–134Google Scholar
  35. Wells PG, Butler JN, Hughes JS (1995) Exxon Valdez oil spill: fate and effects in Alaskan waters. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp 3–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Whismann ML, Geotzinger JW, Cotton FO (1974). Waste lubricating oil Research. In: An investigation of several re-refining methods. Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville Energy Research Centre, 352 ppGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Akintunde Abdul-Rasaq Akapo
    • 1
  • S. O. Omidiji
    • 1
  • A. A. Otitoloju
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkoka, Yaba, LagosNigeria
  2. 2.Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkoka, Yaba, LagosNigeria

Personalised recommendations