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Environmental studies on river water quality with reference to suitability for agricultural purposes: Mahanadi river estuarine system, India – a case study

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Abstract

Hydrochemistry of surface water (pH, specific conductance, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) in the Mahanadi river estuarine system, India was used to assess the quality of water for agricultural purposes. The samples were studied for 31 different stations during six different seasons in the years 2001–2003. Chemical data were used for mathematical calculations (SAR, Na%, RSC, potential salinity, permeability index, Kelly’s index, magnesium hazard, osmotic pressure and salt index) for better understanding the suitability river water quality for agricultural purposes. The river water is free from nitrate-nitrogen hazard and has much less osmotic pressure and RSC values. Further there is no complete precipitation of calcium and magnesium in the study area. The results revealed that waters of some polluted stations like Sambalpur down (D/s of Sambalpur town) and Kathjodi (Cuttack) down (D/s of Cuttack town) are unsuitable up to some extent, where as it is quite unsuitable in case of estuarine samples during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results were verified by USSL and Wilcox diagrams, which show all the fresh water zone samples (low-medium salinity with low sodium) of the study area are in the ‘Excellent to good’ category and are suitable to irrigate all soils for semi-tolerant and tolerant as well as sensitive crops.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, S.C.S. (Autonomous) College, Puri, 752 001, Orissa, India

    Sanjay Kumar Sundaray

  2. Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Orissa, India

    Binod Bihari Nayak

  3. Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Orissa, India

    Dinabandhu Bhatta

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  1. Sanjay Kumar Sundaray
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  2. Binod Bihari Nayak
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  3. Dinabandhu Bhatta
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Correspondence to Sanjay Kumar Sundaray.

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Sundaray, S.K., Nayak, B.B. & Bhatta, D. Environmental studies on river water quality with reference to suitability for agricultural purposes: Mahanadi river estuarine system, India – a case study. Environ Monit Assess 155, 227–243 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0431-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0431-2

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