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Effect of altering the steric hindrance of the nitrogen atom in 2,5-bis(pyridin-n-yl)-1,3,4 thiadiazole isomers on their ability to elicit tomato defense responses against Verticillium wilt and crown gall diseases

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Abstract

Three isomers of the ligand 2,5-bis(pyridinyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with the N atom of pyridine group in position 2, 3 or 4, named respectively, L2, L3 and L4 were compared for their use as plant defense activators. They were examined for their ability to protect tomato plants from Verticillium dahliae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the greenhouse, to induce reactive oxygen species and to activate plant defenses, including antioxidant enzymes. The three ligand isomers exhibited in vitro only slight inhibition of radial growth of V. dahliae, while no significant inhibition was observed for phytopathogenic bacteria. In the greenhouse, the three ligand isomers statistically reduced the severity of Verticillium wilt and crown gall on tomato plants, and the isomers L3 and L4 were the most efficient to control Verticillium wilt. This superiority was reflected in their differential ability to activate H2O2 accumulation, antioxidant enzymes including catalase and ascorbate peroxidase and other defense-related enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. These results demonstrated that the presence of the N atom within the two pyridinyl groups in the position 3 or 4 highly enhanced the activity of plant defense and antioxidant responses as well as their ability to reduce the severity of symptoms caused by V. dahliae on tomato.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the CUR CA2D of Chouaib Doukkali University (El Jadida-Morocco) for its support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Amal Smaili, Lalla Aicha Rifai, Tayeb Koussa & Mohamed Faize

  2. Laboratory of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Abdelhakim Laachir & Salaheddine Guesmi

  3. Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco

    Fouad Bentiss

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  1. Amal Smaili
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  2. Abdelhakim Laachir
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  3. Lalla Aicha Rifai
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Correspondence to Mohamed Faize.

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Smaili, A., Laachir, A., Rifai, L.A. et al. Effect of altering the steric hindrance of the nitrogen atom in 2,5-bis(pyridin-n-yl)-1,3,4 thiadiazole isomers on their ability to elicit tomato defense responses against Verticillium wilt and crown gall diseases. Eur J Plant Pathol 151, 1035–1048 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1441-8

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