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Spatial genetic structure of Lissotriton helveticus L. following the restoration of a forest ponds network

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Abstract

Preserving amphibian genetic diversity through ecological restoration and conservation actions is a major challenge since their populations are declining worldwide. We studied the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the palmate newt (Lissotriton helveticus) 2 years after the restoration of a pond network in northwestern France with the aim of reconstructing fine-scale genetic structure and patterns of colonization. We sampled newts from 29 forest ponds including both restored and non-degraded reference ponds, and genotyped 391 individuals at 12 microsatellite loci. We used two Bayesian clustering methods to spatially delineate genetic clusters, and we also detected potential recent migrants within the network. All ponds showed low levels of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.534) and a mean F IS of 0.251, possibly indicating a Wahlund or bottleneck effect. Pairwise F ST suggested limited evidence of genetic differentiation among ponds. Within the pond network, we identified 3 to 4 genetic clusters. Combined with the detection of migrants, the results suggest an increase in gene flow within the restored pond network and that a high number of migrants came from the reference ponds. Our findings indicate an unexpected high dispersal ability for this small-bodied species. Overall, the absence of population structure represents a positive beginning for the restoration project. It also emphasizes the importance of spatial design in restoring a pond network and that such genetic data and methods should be used to monitor amphibians in restored habitats.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the students and field assistants who worked night and day. We are very grateful to Gilbert Pagé (Office National des Forêts Centre Val de Loire) the Herpetological society (Société Herpétologique de Touraine) and the National Forest Office for its collaboration and support. This project was granted by the French Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development under the National Strategy for Biodiversity, and was supported by the EPL (établissement public Loire), the ERDF (european regional development fund), the AELB (agence de l’eau Loire-Bretagne), the ONF (Office National des Forêts Centre Val de Loire), and the Fondation de France grant, and was conducted under permits granted from the French authority services. We are grateful to Radika Michniewicz (CNRS Moulis) for her comments and improvement of English. We extend our thanks to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and remarks greatly helped to improve the manuscript.

Authors’ contributions

FIN, AT, AR conceived the project, designed the experiment, participated in the sampling, performed the analysis and co-wrote; TJ, RE, HLC sampled and performed the genetic analysis, DP, SB, DL were involved in the project, collaborated on the paper and the genetic analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departement Aménagement et Environnement Ecole Polytechnique de l’Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS; UMR 7324 CITERES équipe IPAPE, Paysages et Environnement, 33-35 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, 37200, Tours, France

    Francis Isselin-Nondedeu & Thomas Joubin

  2. CNRS, ENFA, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France

    Audrey Trochet, Thomas Joubin, Roselyne Etienne, Hugo Le Chevalier & Alexandre Ribéron

  3. Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200, Moulis, France

    Audrey Trochet & Delphine Legrand

  4. UMR 6554 LETG, Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France

    Damien Picard

  5. CNRS, Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling (CBTM), 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France

    Audrey Trochet

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  1. Francis Isselin-Nondedeu
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Isselin-Nondedeu, F., Trochet, A., Joubin, T. et al. Spatial genetic structure of Lissotriton helveticus L. following the restoration of a forest ponds network. Conserv Genet 18, 853–866 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0932-z

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