Conservation Genetics

, Volume 17, Issue 5, pp 1137–1144 | Cite as

Bruguiera hainesii, a critically endangered mangrove species, is a hybrid between B. cylindrica and B. gymnorhiza (Rhizophoraceae)

  • Junya Ono
  • Jean W. H. Yong
  • Koji Takayama
  • Mohd Nazre Bin Saleh
  • Alison K. S. Wee
  • Takeshi Asakawa
  • Orlex Baylen Yllano
  • Severino G. SalmoIII
  • Monica Suleiman
  • Nguyen Xuan Tung
  • Khin Khin Soe
  • Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram
  • Yasuyuki Watano
  • Edward L. Webb
  • Tadashi Kajita
Research Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Bruguiera hainesii (Rhizophoraceae) is one of the two Critically Endangered mangrove species listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Although the species is vulnerable to extinction, its genetic diversity and the evolutionary relationships with other Bruguiera species are not well understood. Also, intermediate morphological characters imply that the species might be of hybrid origin. To clarify the genetic relationship between B. hainesii and other Bruguiera species, we conducted molecular analyses including all six Bruguiera species using DNA sequences of two nuclear genes (CesA and UNK) and three chloroplast regions (intergenic spacer regions of trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG and atpB-rbcL). For nuclear DNA markers, all nine B. hainesii samples from five populations were heterozygous at both loci, with one allele was shared with B. cylindrica, and the other with B. gymnorhiza. For chloroplast DNA markers, the two haplotypes found in B. hainesii were shared only by B. cylindrica. These results suggested that B. hainesii is a hybrid between B. cylindrica as the maternal parent and B. gymnorhiza as the paternal one. Furthermore, chloroplast DNA haplotypes found in B. hainesii suggest that hybridization has occurred independently in regions where the distribution ranges of the parental species meet. As the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species currently excludes hybrids (except for apomictic plant hybrids), the conservation status of B. hainesii should be reconsidered.

Keywords

Mangrove Hybridization Endangered species Genetics 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Drs. Myint Aung, Ian Cowie, Sanjay Deshmukh, Norman Duke, Kyaw Kyaw Khaung, Jurgenne Primavera, Ms. Latifah Zainal Abidin, Mr. Vando Márcio da Silva, Ms. Norhaslinda Malekal, Ms. Hoho Takayama, Mr. Masaru Bamba, Sabah Forestry Department (SFD), and Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Region VI for field work to collect materials. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI 22405005 and 25290080 to TK, JSPS JENESYS Programme 2009 and 2011 to the Graduate School of Science of Chiba University (coordinated by TK), Singapore Ministry of Education (Grant Number R154-000-440-112) to EW, Fujiwara Natural History Foundation to KT and the Research Assistant Program 2013 of Chiba University to JO. This study is a part of PhD study of JO.

Supplementary material

10592_2016_849_MOESM1_ESM.docx (17 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 16 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Junya Ono
    • 1
  • Jean W. H. Yong
    • 2
  • Koji Takayama
    • 3
  • Mohd Nazre Bin Saleh
    • 4
  • Alison K. S. Wee
    • 1
    • 5
  • Takeshi Asakawa
    • 1
  • Orlex Baylen Yllano
    • 6
  • Severino G. SalmoIII
    • 7
  • Monica Suleiman
    • 8
  • Nguyen Xuan Tung
    • 9
  • Khin Khin Soe
    • 10
  • Sankararamasubramanian Halasya Meenakshisundaram
    • 11
  • Yasuyuki Watano
    • 1
  • Edward L. Webb
    • 12
  • Tadashi Kajita
    • 1
    • 13
  1. 1.Department of Biology, Graduate School of ScienceChiba UniversityChibaJapan
  2. 2.Life SciencesSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingaporeSingapore
  3. 3.Museum of Natural and Environmental HistoryShizuoka-shiJapan
  4. 4.Faculty of ForestryPutra Malaysia UniversitySeri KembanganMalaysia
  5. 5.College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning, GuangxiChina
  6. 6.Biology Department, College of Science and TechnologyAdventist University of the PhilippinesSilangPhilippines
  7. 7.Department of Environmental Science, School of Science and EngineeringAteneo de Manila UniversityQuezon CityPhilippines
  8. 8.Institute for Tropical Biology and ConservationUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluMalaysia
  9. 9.Mangrove Ecosystem Research CentreHanoi National University of EducationHanoiVietnam
  10. 10.Department of BotanyUniversity of Yangon, Union of MyanmarYangonMyanmar
  11. 11.Biotechnology ProgrammeM. S. Swaminathan Research FoundationChennaiIndia
  12. 12.Department of Biological ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
  13. 13.Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research CenterUniversity of the RyukyusYaeyama-gunJapan

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