Conservation Genetics

, Volume 17, Issue 1, pp 177–191 | Cite as

Genetic baseline for conservation and management of sea trout in the northern Baltic Sea

  • Johan Östergren
  • Jan Nilsson
  • Hans Lundqvist
  • Johan Dannewitz
  • Stefan Palm
Research Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The genetic structure of nine wild, seven hatchery-reared, and one presumably mixed, sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations sampled from watersheds along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast was analysed using ten microsatellite loci. DNA-information was evaluated as a baseline for mixed stock analysis (MSA) and individual assignment (IA). A clear genetic structure with distinct populations was identified (global F ST = 0.066), with significant regional differentiation. Average gene diversity (H e) was similar among samples of wild and reared trout, whereas levels of heterozygote deficiency differed significantly (wild: H e = 0.70, F IS = 0.075; reared: H e = 0.69, F IS = 0.022). The high F IS found in wild samples indicates presence of within-river sub-structuring. Evaluation with realistic-fishery simulations indicated that the baseline resolution was sufficient for MSA, at least at a regional level. Hierarchical MSA and IA analyses of real catches from two coastal fisheries showed that populations from the northern region contributed about 90 % to the catch. Analysed individually, the two fisheries differed in catch compositions despite a short geographic distance among sites. One fishery mainly caught sea trout from a small wild population whereas the other fishery was dominated by reared sea trout. Stock composition analysis is a valuable tool for refining exploitation rate estimates for individual sea trout populations in mixed coastal fisheries, as well as for investigating migration patterns in the Baltic Sea.

Keywords

Population structure Genetic stock identification Microsatellites Salmo trutta Mixed-stock fishery 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank Helena Königsson for excellent laboratory work, and Rebecca Whitlock for useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Anders Asp made figure 1. Financial support to this study was given by The Swedish Environmental protection agency (Dnr: 235-937-09)—“Genetic base line will help conservation of sea trout populations in northern Baltic rivers”, the Swedish Board of fisheries and SLU-FoMa FISKövervakning (environmental monitoring).

Supplementary material

10592_2015_770_MOESM1_ESM.docx (58 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 59 kb)
10592_2015_770_MOESM2_ESM.docx (19 kb)
Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 20 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Johan Östergren
    • 1
  • Jan Nilsson
    • 2
  • Hans Lundqvist
    • 2
  • Johan Dannewitz
    • 1
  • Stefan Palm
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater ResearchSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesDrottningholmSweden
  2. 2.Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden

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