Redefining Normal: A Critical Analysis of (Dis)ability in Young Adult Literature
- 2.1k Downloads
- 4 Citations
Abstract
This literary analysis examines constructions of normalcy and disability within contemporary young adult literature, including Jerk, California (Friesen, 2008), Marcelo in the Real World (Stork, 2009), and Five Flavors of Dumb (John, 2010). As recent winners of the Schneider Family Book Award from the American Library Association, these novels offer complex and realistic portrayals of characters with disabilities. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, this paper explores how identity, agency, and power shape the novels’ plots and themes. The growing prevalence of characters with disabilities in young adult literature offers an opportunity for students to consider how disability is constructed in society and represented in literary works. By taking a critical approach to literary analysis, teachers can emphasize social justice within the English curriculum.
Keywords
Young adult literature Disability Critical literacy Critical discourse analysisReferences
- Andrews, Sharon E. (1998). Using Inclusive Literature to Promote Positive Attitudes towards Disabilities. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 41(6), 420–426.Google Scholar
- Barnes, Colin, and Mercer, Geoff. (2001). Disability Culture: Assimilation or Inclusion? In G.L. Albrecht, K.D. Seelman and M. Bury (Eds.), Handbook of Disability Studies (pp. 515–534). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bean, Thomas W., and Moni, Karen. (2003). Developing Students’ Critical Literacy: Exploring Identity Construction in Young Adult Fiction. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 46(8), 638–648.Google Scholar
- Blaska, Joan K. (2003). Using Children’s Literature to Learn about Disabilities and Illness Troy, NY: Educator’s International.Google Scholar
- Carroll, Pamela S., and Rosenblum, L.Penny. (2000). Through their Eyes: Are Characters with Visual Impairment Portrayed Realistically in Young Adult Literature? Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 43(7), 620–630.Google Scholar
- Curwood, Jen Scott, and Cowell, Lora Lee. (2011). iPoetry: Creating Space for New Literacies in the English Curriculum. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 55(2), 107–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Curwood, Jen Scott, and Gibbons, Damiana. (2009). “Just like I have felt”: Multimodal Counternarratives in Youth-Produced Digital Media. International Journal of Learning and Media, 1(4), 59–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Curwood, Jen Scott, Horning, Kathleen T., and Schliesman, Megan. (2009). Fight for Your Right: Censorship, Selection, and LGBTQ Literature. English Journal, 98(4), 37–43.Google Scholar
- Davis, Lennard. (1995). Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness, and the Body London: Verso.Google Scholar
- Davis, Lennard. (2002). Bending over Backwards: Disability, Dismodernism and Other Difficult Positions New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
- Derrida, Jacques. (1978). Writing and Difference Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
- Dyches, Tina Taylor, and Prater, MaryAnne. (2000). Developmental Disability in Children’s Literature: Issues and Annotated Bibliography Reston, VA: The Council for Exceptional Children.Google Scholar
- Foucault, Michel. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
- Freire, Paulo. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
- Glenn, Wendy. (2008). Gossiping Girls, Insider Boys, A-list Achievement: Examining and Exposing Young Adult Novels Consumed by Conspicuous Consumption. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 52(1), 34–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gomez, Mary Louise, Schieble, Melissa B., Curwood, Jen Scott, and Hassett, Dawnene D. (2010). Technology, Learning, and Instruction: Distributed Cognition in the Secondary English Classroom. Literacy, 44(1), 20–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heim, Annette B. (1994). Beyond the Stereotypes. School Library Journal, 40(9), 139–143.Google Scholar
- Kaplan, Jeffrey S. (2003). New Perspectives in Young Adult Literature. The ALAN Review, 31(1), 6–11.Google Scholar
- Koss, Melanie D., and Teale, William H. (2009). What’s Happening in YA Literature? Trends in Books for Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 52(7), 563–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Landrum, Judith E. (1999). Adolescent Novels that Feature Characters with Disabilities: An Annotated Bibliography. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 42(4), 284–290.Google Scholar
- Luke, Allan. (2004). Two Takes on the Critical. In B. Norton and K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning (pp. 21–31). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Luke, Allan. (2012). Critical Literacy: Foundational Notes. Theory Into Practice, 51(1), 4–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Macedo, Donaldo. (2006). Literacies of Power: What Americans Are Not Allowed to Know Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
- Manthorpe, Jill. (2005). A Child’s Eye View: Dementia in Children’s Literature. British Journal of Social Work, 35(3), 305–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Matthew, Nicole, and Clow, Susan. (2007). Putting Disabled Children in the Picture: Promoting Inclusive Children’s Books and Media. International Journal of Early Childhood, 39(4), 65–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McLaughlin, Maureen, and DeVoogd, Glenn. (2004). Critical Literacy as Comprehension: Expanding Reader Response. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 48(1), 52–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mills, Claudia. (2002). The Portrayal of Mental Disability in Children’s Literature: An Ethical Appraisal. The Horn Book Magazine, 78(5), 531–542.Google Scholar
- Mitchell, David T., and Snyder, Sharon L. (2000). Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
- Moje, Elizabeth Birr, and Lewis, Cynthia. (2007). Examining Opportunities to Learn Literacy: The Role of Critical Sociocultural Literacy Research. In Cynthia Lewis, Patricia Enciso, and Elizabeth Birr Moje (Eds.), Reframing Sociocultural Research on Literacy: Identity, Agency, and Power (pp. 15–48). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
- Nussbaum, Martha. (1997). Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Nussbaum, Martha. (2010). Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Prater, MaryAnne. (2003). Learning Disabilities in Children’s and Adolescent Literature: How Are Characters Portrayed? Learning Disability Quarterly, 26(1), 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Prater, Mary Anne, Dyches, Tina Taylor, and Johnstun, Marissa. (2006). Teaching Students about Learning Disabilities through Children’s Literature. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42(1), 14–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rogers, Rebecca. (2004). Critical Discourse Analysis in Education. In R. Rogers (Ed.), An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education (pp. 1–18). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
- Simon, Lisa, and Norton, Nadjwa E.L. (2011). A Mighty River: Intersections of Spiritualities and Activism in Children’s and Young Adult Literature. Curriculum Inquiry, 41(2), 293–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Smith-D’Arezzo, Wendy M. (2003). Diversity in Children’s Literature: Not Just a Black and White Issue. Children’s Literature in Education, 34(1), 75–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sotto, Carolyn D., and Ball, Angel L. (2006). Dynamic Characters with Communication Disorders in Children’s Literature. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42(1), 40–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Turnbull, Ann, Turnbull, Rutherford, Shank, Marilyn, and Leal, Dorothy. (1999). Exceptional Lives: Special Education in Today’s Schools Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
- Ward, Marilyn. (2002). Voices from the Margins: An Annotated Bibliography of Fiction on Disabilities and Differences for Young People Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Young Adult Literature Cited
- Baskin, Nora Raleigh. (2009). Anything but Typical New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
- Connor, Leslie. (2008). Waiting for Normal New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
- Dowd, Siobhan. (2009). The London Eye Mystery New York: Yearling.Google Scholar
- Draper, Sharon M. (2010). Out of My Mind New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
- Friesen, Jonathan. (2008). Jerk, California New York: Speak.Google Scholar
- John, Antony. (2010). Five Flavors of Dumb New York: Dial.Google Scholar
- Johnson, Harriet McBryde. (2006). Accidents of Nature New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
- Lord, Cynthia. (2006). Rules New York: Scholastic.Google Scholar
- Selznick, Brian. (2011). Wonderstruck New York: Scholastic.Google Scholar
- Stork, Francisco X. (2009). Marcelo in the Real World New York: Arthur A. Levine.Google Scholar
- Thompson, Craig. (2003). Blankets Marietta, GA: Top Shelf.Google Scholar
- Van Draanen, Wendelin. (2012). The Running Dream New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar