Cellulose

, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp 1847–1857 | Cite as

UV-ozone patterning of micro-nano fibrillated cellulose (MNFC) with alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers

  • Tero Kämäräinen
  • Lokanathan R. Arcot
  • Leena-Sisko Johansson
  • Joseph Campbell
  • Tekla Tammelin
  • Sami Franssila
  • Janne Laine
  • Orlando J. Rojas
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

We report on a facile photolithography-based procedure for surface energy patterning of novel micro-nano fibrillated cellulose (MNFC) films and demonstrate spatial control of protein adsorption. The kinetics of oxidative degradation of chemisorbed hydrophobic alkylsilane monolayers on MNFC upon exposure to UV/ozone and the effect on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a function of pH were studied using surface sensitive techniques. Wetting properties, surface morphology and surface chemical composition of the MNFC films were investigated by using water contact angle goniometry, atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Optical microscopy was used to give a spatial-specific visualization of adsorbed dye-tagged BSA. UV/ozone exposure turned the initially hydrophobic alkylsilane covered MNFC substrate into a hydrophilic surface. As a result, significant changes in local wetting characteristics were observed leading to a quantitative change in BSA adsorption. Moreover, by using a UV mask, it was possible to create a hydrophobic-hydrophilic pattern on the MNFC film, and thus spatially-resolved adsorption of protein patterns were achieved. These results extend the understanding and further the applicability of MNFC films towards microfluidic-based (bio)diagnostics.

Keywords

Nanocellulose (MNFC) Photolithography Silane Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) Protein patterning 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Academy of Finland (264743). Dr. Ville Jokinen is thanked for providing the patterned steel masks used in the UV/O3 patterning. Dr. Juan Delgado, Maija Vuoriluoto, Ritva Kivelä, Marja Kärkkäinen, Rita Hatakka and Anu Anttila are acknowledged for their valued guidance.

Author contributions

The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval of the final version of the manuscript.

Supplementary material

10570_2016_942_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (263 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (PDF 262 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Tero Kämäräinen
    • 1
  • Lokanathan R. Arcot
    • 2
  • Leena-Sisko Johansson
    • 1
  • Joseph Campbell
    • 1
  • Tekla Tammelin
    • 3
  • Sami Franssila
    • 4
  • Janne Laine
    • 1
  • Orlando J. Rojas
    • 1
    • 5
  1. 1.Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical TechnologyAalto UniversityAaltoFinland
  2. 2.Department of Applied Physics, School of ScienceAalto UniversityAaltoFinland
  3. 3.VTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandEspooFinland
  4. 4.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical TechnologyAalto UniversityAaltoFinland
  5. 5.Departments of Forest Biomaterials and Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighUSA

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