Cellulose

, Volume 13, Issue 3, pp 235–244 | Cite as

Synthesis of graft copolymer of ethyl cellulose through living polymerization and its self-assembly

Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Copolymers of ethyl cellulose (EC) with polystyrene (PSt) were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The molecular weight of graft copolymers increased without any trace of the EC macro-initiator, and the polydispersity of the side chains was low. The molecular weight of the side chains increased with the monomer conversion. Kinetic study indicated that the polymerization was first order. The micelle characteristics of the graft copolymer in acetone were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atom force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With increasing the concentration, micelles were gradually formed from the solution. The TEM and AFM images indicated that the micelles had spherical shape and showed core-shell structure.

Keywords

ATRP Ethyl cellulose Graft copolymer Self-assembly Styrene 

Abbreviation

EC

ethyl cellulose

PSt

poly styrene

ATRP

atom transfer radical polymerization

DLS

dynamic light scattering

AFM

atomic force microscope

TEM

transmission electron microscope

PMDETA

N, N, N′, N′′, N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine

GPC

gel permeation chromatography

Rh

hydrodynamic radius

FT-IR

Fourier transform infrared spcetroscopy

DBr

degree of bromoesterification for the EC macro-initiator

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

Acknowledgement

The financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 50521302, 50473057) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KJCX2-SW-H07) is greatly appreciated. Authors thank Prof. Guangzhao Zhang and Dr. Xiaodong Ye for their help on Laser Light Scattering measurement.

References

  1. Berne B.J. and Pecora R.M. (1976). Dynamic Light Scattering. Plenum Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  2. Carlmark A., Soderberg S. and Malmstrom E. (2002). Atom transfer radical polymerization from cellulose fibers. Polym. Prep. Part A 14:57–58Google Scholar
  3. Carlmark A. and Malmstrom E. (2002). Atom transfer radical polymerization from cellulose fibers at ambient temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124:900–901CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Carlmark A. and Malmstrom E. (2003). ATRP grafting from cellulose fibers to create block-copolymer grafts. Biomacromolecules 4:1740–1745CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Castellano I., Gurruchaga M. and Goni I. (1997). The influence of drying method on the physical properties of some graft copolymers for drug delivery systems. Carbohydrate Polym. 34:83–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Chauhan G.S., Guleria L. and Sharma R. (2005). Synthesis, characterization and metal sorption studies of graft copolymers of cellulose with glycodyl methacrylate and some comonomers. Cellulose 12: 97–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Chu B. (1991). Laser light scattering, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  8. Daly W.H., Evenson T.S., Iacono S.T. and Jones R.W. (2001). Recent development in cellulose grafting chemistry utilizing barton ester intermediates and nitroxide mediation. Macromol. Symp. 174:155–163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Dou H.J., Jiang M., Peng H.S., Chen D.Y and Hong Y. (2003). PH-Dependent self-assembly: micellization and micelle-hollow-sphere transition of cellulose-based copolymers. Angew. Chem. 115: 1554–1557CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Gupta K.C., Khandekar K. (2003). Temperature-responsive cellulose by Ceric(IV) ion-initiated graft copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide. Biomacromolecules 4: 758–765CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Gurdag G., Guclu G. and Ozgumus S. (2001). Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto cellulose: effects of pretreatments and crosslinking agent. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 80: 2267–2272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Kato M., Kamigaito M., Sawamoto M. and Higashimura T. (1995). Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with the carbon tetrachloride / dichlorotris- (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II)/ methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) initiating system: possibility of living radical polymerization. Macromolecules 28:1721–1723CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Kubota H., Ogiwara Y, Hinoyosa S. (1995). Mechanical and thermal properties of glycidyl methacrylate grafted cotton cellulose. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 57: 983–988CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Lenz P. (1999). Wetting phenomena on structured surfaces. Adv. Mater. 11:1531–1534CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Lu J., Yi M., Li J.Q. and Ha H.F. (2001). Preirradiation grafting polymerization of DMAEMA onto cotton cellulose fabrics. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81: 3578–3581CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Matyjaszewski K (1997). Mechanistic and synthetic aspects of atom transfer radical polymerization. J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. A34: 1785–1801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Sakata I. and Goring D.A.I. (1976). Corona-induced graft polymerization of ethyl acrylate onto cellulose film. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 20: 573–579CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Sato T., Nambu Y, Endo T. (1988). Preparation of cellulose derivatives containing the viologen moiety. J. Polym. Sci. Part C Polym. Lett. 26: 341–345Google Scholar
  19. Shukla S.R. and Athalye A.R. (1992). Ultraviolet-radiation induced graft-copolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto cotton cellulose. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 44: 435–442CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Takolpuckdee P., Westwood J., Lewis D.M. and Perrier S. (2004). Polymer architectures via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Macromol. Symp. 216: 23–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Wang D.S., Xuan Y.N., Huang Y. and Shen J.R. (2003). Synthesis and properties of graft copolymer of cellulose diacetate with poly(caprolactone monoacrylate). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 89: 85–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Wang J.S. and Matyjaszewski K. (1995a). Controlled/"living" radical polymerization. atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of transition-metal complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117:5614–5615CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Wang J.S. and Matyjaszewski K. (1995b). Controlled/"Living" radical polymerization. Halogen atom transfer radical polymerization promoted by a Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox process. Macromolecules 28:7901–7910CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Yoshioka M., Hagiwarao N. and Shirashi N. (1999). Thermoplasticization of cellulose acetates by grafting of cyclic esters. Cellulose 6: 193–212CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Yue Z. and Cowie J.M.G. (2002). Synthesis and characterization of ion conductiong cellulose ether with PEO side chain. Polymer 43: 4453–4460CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and Material, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of scienceBeijingP.R. China
  2. 2.Labortory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of scienceGuangzhouP.R. China

Personalised recommendations