Catalysis Letters

, Volume 147, Issue 6, pp 1303–1314 | Cite as

Low Temperature Oligomerization of Ethylene over Ni/Al-KIT-6 Catalysts

  • Ahron Hwang
  • Sungtak Kim
  • Geunjae Kwak
  • Seok Ki Kim
  • Hae-Gu Park
  • Seok Chang Kang
  • Ki-Won Jun
  • Yong Tae Kim
Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

In this paper, we have studied the oligomerization of ethylene with a liquid heptane solvent over bifunctional Ni catalysts in a continuous flow reactor. We have prepared an Al-containing KIT-6 silica that was used as a support after calcination in the temperature range of 300–900 °C. The Ni/Al-KIT-6 catalysts had uniform mesopores with diameters in the range of 5.4–6.3 nm, excepting Ni/Al-KIT-6 (900). The calcination temperature of Al-KIT-6 support changed the surface acidity as well as the interaction of Ni2+ and acid sites for the Ni catalysts, as determined by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, temperature-programmed reduction, infrared spectroscopy after the adsorption of pyridine, solid-state 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy. Among the tested catalysts, the Ni/Al-KIT-6 (300) showed the highest ethylene conversion because of the increased intimate contact between Ni2+ and acid sites. The strong interaction of Ni2+ species and the support is not effective in increasing active sites for ethylene conversion. The Ni/Al-KIT-6 catalysts produced internal linear C4 and C6 olefins with high selectivity. The Ni/Al-KIT-6 (300) had 2.2–6.1 times lower selectivities toward 2-ethyl-1-butene than other catalysts at similar ethylene conversions. The reaction product mixture showed that the Ni/Al-KIT-6 catalysts shifted the product distribution towards acid-catalyzed oligomerization/cracking/realkylation products (i.e. C3, C7, C7, and C8+ olefins) as the concentration of Brønsted acid sites increased. Among the tested catalysts, the Ni/Al-KIT-6 (300) showed the highest yield of C4 and C6 olefins (78.3%).

Graphical Abstract

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Keywords

Ethylene Oligomerization Nickel Alumination KIT-6 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the core KRICT project (KK1601-B00) of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. This research was further financially supported by the C1 Gas Refinery Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICP & Future Planning (NRF-2016M3D3A1A01913257).

Supplementary material

10562_2017_2036_MOESM1_ESM.docx (681 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 680 KB)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Carbon Resources InstituteKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
  2. 2.Advanced Materials and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea

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