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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews

, Volume 32, Issue 1–2, pp 129–145 | Cite as

Humanised xenograft models of bone metastasis revisited: novel insights into species-specific mechanisms of cancer cell osteotropism

  • Boris Michael HolzapfelEmail author
  • Laure Thibaudeau
  • Parisa Hesami
  • Anna Taubenberger
  • Nina Pauline Holzapfel
  • Susanne Mayer-Wagner
  • Carl Power
  • Judith Clements
  • Pamela Russell
  • Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
Article
First Online:

Abstract

The determinants and key mechanisms of cancer cell osteotropism have not been identified, mainly due to the lack of reproducible animal models representing the biological, genetic and clinical features seen in humans. An ideal model should be capable of recapitulating as many steps of the metastatic cascade as possible, thus facilitating the development of prognostic markers and novel therapeutic strategies. Most animal models of bone metastasis still have to be derived experimentally as most syngeneic and transgeneic approaches do not provide a robust skeletal phenotype and do not recapitulate the biological processes seen in humans. The xenotransplantation of human cancer cells or tumour tissue into immunocompromised murine hosts provides the possibility to simulate early and late stages of the human disease. Human bone or tissue-engineered human bone constructs can be implanted into the animal to recapitulate more subtle, species-specific aspects of the mutual interaction between human cancer cells and the human bone microenvironment. Moreover, the replication of the entire “organ” bone makes it possible to analyse the interaction between cancer cells and the haematopoietic niche and to confer at least a partial human immunity to the murine host. This process of humanisation is facilitated by novel immunocompromised mouse strains that allow a high engraftment rate of human cells or tissue. These humanised xenograft models provide an important research tool to study human biological processes of bone metastasis.

Keywords

Bone metastasis Xenograft model Humanised Bone graft Haematopoiesis 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The work presented by the authors is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG HO 5068/1-1), the Australian Research Council (Future Fellowship Program) and the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Supplementary material

10555_2013_9437_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (38 kb)
ESM 1 (PDF 37.6 kb)
10555_2013_9437_MOESM2_ESM.pdf (38 kb)
ESM 2 (PDF 38.0 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Boris Michael Holzapfel
    • 1
    • 2
    Email author
  • Laure Thibaudeau
    • 1
  • Parisa Hesami
    • 1
  • Anna Taubenberger
    • 3
  • Nina Pauline Holzapfel
    • 1
  • Susanne Mayer-Wagner
    • 4
  • Carl Power
    • 5
  • Judith Clements
    • 6
    • 7
  • Pamela Russell
    • 6
    • 7
  • Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
    • 1
    • 8
    • 9
  1. 1.Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
  2. 2.Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
  3. 3.Group of Cellular Machines, Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Technology DresdenDresdenGermany
  4. 4.Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campus GrosshadernLudwigs-Maximilians University MunichMunichGermany
  5. 5.Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Lowy Cancer Research Centre (C25), Lower Ground and BasementKensington University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
  6. 6.Australian Prostate Cancer Research CentreTranslational Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
  7. 7.Cells and Tissue Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
  8. 8.George W Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUSA
  9. 9.Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University MunichGarchingGermany

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