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The Synergistic Effect of Prototypicality and Authenticity in the Relation Between Leaders’ Biological Gender and Their Organizational Identification

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Abstract

Role congruity theory affirms that female managers face more difficulties at work because of the incongruity between female gender and leadership role expectations. Furthermore, due to this incongruity, it is harder for female managers to perceive themselves as authentic leaders. However, followers’ attributions of prototypicality could attenuate this role incongruity and have implications on a managers’ organizational identification (OID). Hence, we expect male managers to be more authentic and to identify more with their organizations, when compared to female managers who are low in prototypicality. We hypothesized that authentic leadership dimensions mediate the relation between managers’ biological gender and their OID. However, this indirect effect is conditional of these managers' team prototypicality. For testing these hypotheses, we conducted an online experiment with 149 participants (M age = 43.42 years; SD = 11.41; 43 % female) from different work sectors using a 2 (participants’ biological gender) × 2 (team prototypicality: low vs. high) between-subject design. As predicted, men scored higher on authentic leadership, and three dimensions partially mediated the effect of participants’ biological gender on OID. In the low team prototypicality condition female managers scored lower in authentic leadership and identified less with the organization, whereas in the high team prototypicality condition, no gender differences were found.

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Fig. 1
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Notes

  1. For interaction effects, the conventional level of p is 0.10 to protect the test from the probability of committing a Type II error when moderating analyses are performed (Caplan and Jones 1975; Champoux and Peters 1987; Rodriguez-Molina et al. 2001).

  2. In order to facilitate the interpretation of the effect team prototypicality (moderator) is on the x-axis in Figs. 3 and 4.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by three research grants (ECD/3628/2011 available at BOE-A-2012-680; CICYT,PSI2012-36557 and PROMETEO 2012/048) and conducted by the research Institute on Personnel Psychology, Organizational Development, and Quality of Working Life (IDOCAL) of the University of Valencia (Spain) and the Center for Leadership and Behavior in Organizations (CLBO) at Goethe University Frankfurt. The authors would like to thank Prof. Steffen Giessner, for his early comments on this study’s design.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IDOCAL - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Lucas Monzani & José María Peiró

  2. Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences and Center for Leadership and Behavior in Organizations, Goethe University, PEG, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany

    Lucas Monzani, Alina S. Hernandez Bark & Rolf van Dick

  3. IVIE - Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, Valencia, Spain

    José María Peiró

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Monzani, L., Hernandez Bark, A.S., van Dick, R. et al. The Synergistic Effect of Prototypicality and Authenticity in the Relation Between Leaders’ Biological Gender and Their Organizational Identification. J Bus Ethics 132, 737–752 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2335-0

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