Biodegradation

, Volume 29, Issue 2, pp 129–140 | Cite as

Biodegradation of sulfonamides by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4

  • Fei Mao
  • Xiaohong Liu
  • Kang Wu
  • Chen Zhou
  • Youbin Si
Original Paper

Abstract

Because of extensive sulfonamides application in aquaculture and animal husbandry and the consequent increase in sulfonamides discharged into the environment, strategies to remediate sulfonamide-contaminated environments are essential. In this study, the resistance of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 to the sulfonamides sulfapyridine (SPY) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were determined, and sulfonamides degradation by these strains was assessed. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 were resistant to SPY and SMX concentrations as high as 60 mg/L. After incubation for 5 days, 23.91 ± 1.80 and 23.43 ± 2.98% of SPY and 59.88 ± 1.23 and 63.89 ± 3.09% of SMX contained in the medium were degraded by S. oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4, respectively. The effects of the initial concentration of the sulfonamides and initial pH of the medium on biodegradation, and the degradation of different sulfonamides were assessed. The products were measured by LC–MS; with SPY as a substrate, 2-AP (2-aminopyridine) was the main stable metabolite, and with SMX as a substrate, 3A5MI (3-amino-5-methyl-isoxazole) was the main stable metabolite. The co-occurrence of 2-AP or 3A5MI and 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid suggests that the initial step in the biodegradation of the two sulfonamides is S–N bond cleavage. These results suggest that S. oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 are potential bacterial resources for biodegrading sulfonamides and therefore bioremediation of sulfonamide-polluted environments.

Keywords

Antibiotic resistance Biodegradation Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 Sulfonamides 

Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Number 41471405], and the Project of Agricultural Public Welfare Scientific Research [Grant Number 201303101-06].

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Fei Mao
    • 1
  • Xiaohong Liu
    • 1
  • Kang Wu
    • 1
  • Chen Zhou
    • 1
  • Youbin Si
    • 1
  1. 1.School of Resources and EnvironmentAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina

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