Abstract
Compiled inventories with information on the distribution, status and impacts of invasive alien species are essential for the study, management and monitoring of biological invasions. Despite their great importance, such studies are lacking for alien freshwater fish species in Brazil. Therefore, our aim was to improve the knowledge of the regional richness of alien species, leading to the closing of existing regional data gaps. We performed extensive bibliographic research and consulted with experts to update the list of freshwater alien fishes of six watersheds in southeastern Brazil (Upper Paraná, Paraíba do Sul, São Francisco, Mucuri, Jequitinhonha and Doce), and provided information on species invasion status, environmental impact category, pathway of introduction, origin and species taxonomic attributes. We compiled a list of 201 alien fish species introduced in the six watersheds (to 2019) through six pathways: aquarium trade, geographical barrier breach (after the flooding of a natural barrier by the construction of a hydroelectric power plant), aquaculture, stocking for sport fishing, live bait and biological control. The invasion status of the species varied among watersheds, and it was possible to characterize the impact of only 11 species. Our results show there are detailed data on the distribution and population status of alien fishes in Brazil, but also a lack of ecological studies on the impacts of such introductions. Research on the impacts of alien fish species on recipient ecosystems are urgently needed owing to the present high number and wide distribution of invasive species and lack of knowledge on the consequences of these invasions.
Resumo
Inventários compilados com informações sobre a distribuição, status e impactos das espécies exóticas invasoras são essenciais para o estudo, manejo e monitoramento de invasões biológicas. Apesar da grande importância, tais estudos são escassos para espécies exóticas de peixes de água doce no Brasil. Portanto, nosso objetivo foi aprimorar o conhecimento da riqueza regional de espécies exóticas, visando a diminuição das lacunas de dados regionais existentes. Realizamos uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica e consultamos pesquisadores especializados para atualizar a lista de peixes exóticos de seis bacias hidrográficas no sudeste do Brasil (Alto Paraná, Paraíba do Sul, São Francisco, Mucuri, Jequitinhonha e Doce), adicionando informações sobre o status de invasão das espécies, categoria de impacto ambiental, vias de introdução, origem e atributos taxonômicos das espécies. Compilamos uma lista com 201 espécies exóticas de peixes introduzidas nas seis bacias hidrográficas (até 2019) por seis vias: comércio de peixes ornamentais, quebra de barreira geográfica (após o alagamento de uma barreira natural pela construção de uma usina hidrelétrica), aquicultura, estocagem para pesca, isca viva e controle biológico. Os status de invasão das espécies variaram entre as bacias hidrográficas e foi possível categorizar o impacto de apenas 11 espécies. Nossos resultados mostram que existem dados detalhados sobre a distribuição e status populacional de peixes exóticos no Brasil, mas também há uma carência de estudos ecológicos sobre os impactos de tais introduções. Pesquisas sobre os impactos de espécies exóticas de peixes nos ambientes receptores são urgentemente necessárias devido ao alto número e disseminação de espécies invasoras e à falta de conhecimento sobre as consequências dessas invasões.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for financial support of this research. We are thankful to Dr Nicholas E. Mandrak and Dr Daniel Simberloff for providing important comments and helping to improve the language. We also thank Dr Francisco Langeani for reviewing the list of alien species from Upper Paraná River basin, Dr Luis Clepf Passos and Dr Gustavo Heringer for the support and suggestions, and Gustavo R. Rosa (PUC Minas) for preparing the map.
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Bueno, M.L., Magalhães, A.L.B., Andrade Neto, F.R. et al. Alien fish fauna of southeastern Brazil: species status, introduction pathways, distribution and impacts. Biol Invasions 23, 3021–3034 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02564-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02564-x